Penn State Crew :: Rowing Regattas Sports Athletics Essays

Penn State Crew Penn State Crew is a completely student run organization dedicated towards preparing its members towards rowing competitions, called regattas. Since its inception in 1994, the team has seen periods of immense growth. No longer is the day when Penn State Crew is struggling to compete for dead last. Instead, we are bringing home the hardware as evidenced by our very successful fall and winter seasons (for complete results, please visit the team's homepage.) The team just recently purchased two eight-man Vespoli shells and a new boathouse is currently in the design phase and is planned on being constructed at the team's home lake, Bald Eagle Lake, located about thirty plus minutes from the University Park campus. Penn State Crew is very fortunate because it is one of a few club sports here at Penn State that has actual, paid, highly qualified coaches who bring an immense rowing knowledge base to the team. We are looking forward to this Spring 2003 season as one filled with much pr omise, lofty expectations and phenomenal competition with some of the nation's premier rowing squads. Please follow our progress all season at the team's homepage, http://www.clubs.psu.edu/psucrew/. The Reason We Do This... A fierce shriek pierces the serene darkness of night. Snoring is still heard from the football players who live next door as a figure stirs in the lofted bed. Groggily, without glasses or contacts, a calloused hand reaches out towards the annoying sound that all non-morning people have come to hate. Suddenly complete, utter silence is restored as the alarm is shut off. A yawn and swing of the legs soon lands bare feet on the cold floor of a dorm room in Hartranft Hall at Penn State. Eyes are rubbed and open and shut five or six times rather rapidly as they try and focus on the iridescent green digits that stare back. â€Å"4:37† reads the alarm clock and radio contraption designed with an alarm loud enough to wake Satan from deep slumber in the bowels of hell. Without any warning, a whirlwind of action commences and within fifteen minutes, the rower emerges from the shadows and is on his way to another Penn State Crew practice. Craziness. Sheer craziness is how the athletes on the crew team are most commonly described by anyone at all who resides on this campus.

The Hypotheses Regarding Stonehenge Architecture Essay

Stonehenge is a set of earthworks and an ancient memorial located in Wiltshire, England. It is considered the most celebrated and visited site in the universe and is one of the enigmas in the universe which has ne'er been revealed. However, many people have created legion myths and fabrications to explicate enigmas behind it. Despite the legion myths and fabrications, there has been limited information sing Stonehenge ‘s creation/development. Most research workers and theoreticians refer to it as a rock memorial, a elephantine or ancient megalith. Archeologist Mike Parker Pearson has proposed a figure of hypothesis sing Stonehenge and its surrounding. He indicated that Stonehenge was used as a burial land from historical beginnings. In other words, Stonehenge represented a topographic point of the dead. The cremated remains found at the site acted as grounds and they indicated that entombments took topographic point at the site every bit early as 3000 BC ( Gargen 112 ) . Mike Pearson farther indicated that the arrangement of artefacts and Gravess around Stonehenge provided good grounds that the site was reserved as a sphere of the dead. New carbon 14 day of the months of human remains dug from the ancient Stonehenge in Southwest England indicate that the memorial was used as a graveyard. Initially, archaeologists had believed that Stonehenge had acted as burial evidences every bit early as 2700 and 2600 BC ( Gargen 114 ) . Peoples buried at Stonehenge were believed to hold been the elite of the environing society ; an early royal British dynasty. This hypothesis appears to be scientific due to the grounds provided by new wireless C day of the months of homo remains found in the memorial. Parker Pearson besides held the hypotheses that Stonehenge was a Centre for ascendant worship that was connected by River Avon and two other ceremonial avenues to a duplicate wooden circle near Durrington Walls. The ground as to why he held the hypotheses is due to the big colonies of houses found nearby Stonehenge. This reinforced his belief that both the colony and Stonehenge created a portion of a big ancient ceremony composite. He went in front and indicated that the two circles with lasting and impermanent constructions made a clear representation of the life and the dead spheres severally. He besides pointed out that the orientation of the rock circle pointed to sunrise and sunset on cardinal seasonal day of the months which clearly indicated it was a topographic point of ceremonial. On his hypotheses, Mike Pearson stated that Stonehenge was non a memorial in isolation ; instead it was really one of a brace connoting that it was made of both rock and lumber. The theory behind this is that Stonehenge is a type of spirit place to the ascendants. This hypothesis appears to be pseudo-scientific since there is no scientific grounds behind it.MentionGargen, Josphath. Theories behind Stonehenge. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York: New York Press, 2003.Your NameANTH 160 – Section 02SJSU – Fall 2009Teacher:Robert Simpkins11/24/092 B )Describe the basic cultural characteristics and development of the Mound edifice Cultures of Eastern North America ( and particularly separating between the Woodland and Mississippian Cultures ) , and explain why they were attributed to a ‘lost race ‘ by 19th century bookmans. It is believed that mold builders were greatly involved in edifice of Earth plants every bit good as hills. The ceremonial and burial constructions were characteristically level topped pyramids or level topped cones and at some times a assortment of other signifiers. Some hills took after unusual forms such as the study of cosmologically important animate beings and were branded effigy hills name. Monk ‘s hill is one of the best known level topped pyramidal earthen ware at Cahokia, while Serpent hill found in southern Ohio is 5 pess tall, 1330 pess long and 20 pess broad takes the form of a snake ( Ian 86 ) . The hill builders included legion different tribal groups and chiefdoms that held unto a perplexing aggregation of beliefs and sole civilizations which were united together by the shared architectural pattern of hill building. The initial mold edifice was an early marker of merely get downing political and societal complexness among the civilizations in the Eastern United States. Woodlands civilization: a prehistoric civilization of eastern North America dates back in the first century. It is used to mention to Native American societies remaining in eastern United States. Adena and Hopewell were the earliest forest groups who inhabited Mississippi river vales and Ohio between 800 BC and 800 AD. Adena and Hopewell are normally known for their monolithic entombment hills, frequently modified with finely crafted sedate points. Initially, Adena were huntsmans and gatherers while Hopewell lived in small towns. The Mississippian civilization was developed around 700 A.D. It was developed by a population of husbandmans who practiced agricultural agriculture and deep-rooted harvests such as maizes, beans and squash. They besides engaged in a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours runing. Mississippian civilization was ab initio a hill edifice Native American civilization. However, from about 800 CE to 1500 CE, it greatly flourished in what is normally known as Eastern, Midwestern and Southeastern United States ( Ian 76 ) . Mississippian civilization is considered different from the forest civilization on the footing that the Mississippian hills appear to be rectangular or square, big, level topped, mesa like platforms on which temples or houses were built. On the other manus, the forest hills are conelike, earthen constructions covering entombments in which wonderfully carved stone pipes and isinglass cutouts that are found along with skeletal remains. In add-on, burial hills were dominant during the forest period ( 100 B.C. to 400 A.D. ) , while temple hills predominated during the Mississippian period ( 1000 AD ) . Both Mississippian and forest civilizations were attributed to as a ‘lost race ‘ by the nineteenth century bookmans due to the fact that the new euro-American colonists were non willing to accept the fact that the hills had been built by the Native American Peoples. They were hence displacing and destructing most of the hills so as to plough away grounds. Consequently, the civilizations came along as a lost race in America.MentionIan, Bridgeston. The Mould Building Cultures. California: Anvil Press, 2000.Your NameANTH 160 – Section 02SJSU – Fall 2009Teacher:Robert Simpkins11/24/093B )Describe the history of Easter Island as it has been reconstructed by archeologists ; is this history a utile metaphor for the Earth? Is it similar or different from what happened in to other civilisations, and what can be learned from analyzing it? Easter Island, besides known as Rapa Nui is one of the universes celebrated but least visited archaeological sites located in the Pacific Ocean. The island is largely celebrated due to its 887 bing monumental statues( moai )which were created by Rapanui people. It is a bantam, presently treeless, hilly Island of volcanic nature ; lifting over 10,00ft from the floor of Pacific Ocean. Peterson ( 23 ) , states that Easter Island is among the youngest inhabited districts in the universe, and a larger portion of its history is that it was one of the most stray inhabited district. Easter Island was discovered three hundred old ages ago by European adventurers amidst the big infinite in South Pacific Ocean. Dutch adventurer, Jacob Roggeveen rediscovered it on Easter twenty-four hours in 1722, therefore the acquisition of its name ; Easter Island. During that clip, the Island was inhabited by a public of Polynesian beginning who had arrived from Marquesas Islands many centuries earlier. This has been proven by the Deoxyribonucleic acid extracts that were collected from the location. It is besides believed that the dwellers had come in with assorted workss, nutrients, tools and animate beings such as bananas, Sweet murphies, sugar cane, hogs, and poulets among others so as to get down a new life. Archeologists hold that there were three civilizations which lived on Easter Island around 400 AD. During this clip, the island was inhabited by people who specialized in doing little rock statues. After some clip, another civilisation broke down the statues and greatly used them to build long temple platforms known as ahus. They besides carved 600 plus tremendous rock flops taking the signifier of human existences and placed them on the ahus. It is believed that about 15 statues are still held by some ahus. Archaeological grounds indicates a fast devastation of the woods within a few centuries after the reaching of human existences. This played a major function in the decrease of woods and plantation in the island. The society played a function in the decrease of woods and plantations since they cleared land to works grasses, cut down trees to build canoes, they had besides come in with rats which devoured the seeds. By the terminal of 15th century, the full wood had disappeared, the fruits had died out and tree species were nonextant. The extinction of the animate beings in the Island was every bit thorough as that of the forest. All species of native land birds became nonextant and the shellfish were exploited. This led to the prostration of Easter Island ‘s society. The history of Easter Island is a utile metaphor of the planet Earth. The lesson obtained from Easter Island was that inequality and scarceness of important resources played a great function in happening of race murder. Consequently, a societal prostration of the society life in the island took topographic point. David ( 43 ) , states that during the seventh century, around 50 people arrived on Easter Island and increased to more than 70,000 by seventeenth century.MentionDavid, Myer. The history of Easter Island. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.Your NameANTH 160 – Section 02SJSU – Fall 2009Teacher:Robert Simpkins11/24/094 ) Stonehenge as an ancient Centre of mendingThis appears to be an interesting subject since Stonehenge is normally known as a burial site among the archaeologists. However, Tim Darvil and Geoff Wainwright have come up with the grounds that the memorial acted as a Centre of mending. Margaret ( 57 ) , states that monolithic Numberss of Britons flocked at the sight with the purpose of bring arounding their diseases and mending present hurts. Many dwellers believed that the rock found at the site had charming and mending qualities which greatly attracted legion pilgrims to the site. A adult male ‘s Remains at about five stat mis from Stonehenge were discovered by the two archaeologists. The remains collected indicated that the adult male had a knee cap infection and a terrible tooth eruption. This was hence used as strong grounds by the two archaeologists and they came up with the theory that the adult male may hold died on his manner to the mending evidences ( Stonehenge ) . In add-on, a skeleton analysis which was found three stat mis from the memorial indicated that the adult male had travelled a long distance and was enduring from a potentially deathly dental disease. It was hence concluded that he had travelled that long distance as a manner of seeking for the rocks associated with the mending power. Most archaeologists remain inexorable that the site and the environing country were majorly used as a burial land. To endorse their healing hypothesis, Darvill and Wainwright studied the bluish rocks found at the site and which were believed to hold been at that place since 2400 BC and 2200 BC. Having studied 14 samples of organic stuff such as the bone in the trench and carbonized works remains, they indicated that it was good grounds that the evidences provided first-class mending evidences to the community. The blue rock survey undermines the chief theory suggested by Mike Parker Pearson that the memorial acted chiefly as burial evidences and hereditary site where people held ceremonials and offered forfeits to the ascendants. Other important finds from the excavation have been made at the memorial. A series of little rocks broken down from the larger standing 1s were discovered and the archaeologists believed that the rocks were used as lucky appeals. This provided the grounds that the ancient people believed in the healing belongingss of the rocks. The archaeologists besides believed that the bluish rocks had legion healing belongingss since there were a figure of sacred springs in Preseli which were considered to hold wellness giving qualities. The two archaeologists besides quoted the twelfth century Monk indicating that the rocks were thought to hold medicative belongings. The grounds uncovered by their digs portrayed that people were come offing and traveling off pieces of the bluestones through the Roman epoch through the in-between ages. In relation to the finds made refering Stonehenge, it can be concluded that Stonehenge is a popular and powerful topographic point of pilgrim's journey. However, there is no support that the memorial ‘s mending power truly worked.MentionsMargaret, Katherine. The enigma behind Stonehenge. Harvard: Harvard Press, 2002.

Adult Learning Theory Andragogy Essay - 1408 Words

Adult Learning Theory: Andragogy The dispute of how adults learn is an ever developing subject matter since the 1920’s when adult learning became a professional field of practice (Merriam, S., 2001). Questions such as, do adults learn differently from children? Are adults able to learn quicker, independently, or in the same environment? These are just some examples of a multitude of questions that have been raised since scientists began investigating Adult Learning. I intend to clarify some of the misconceptions of adult learning through proven scientific research and writings of experts in the field. First, we will summarize the evolution of the concept of Adult Learning. Second, we will examine several recognized Adult Learning†¦show more content†¦Studies conducted indicated that adults up to their 70’s did just as good as young people when not placed on a time limit. Several more studies through the years contributed to the adult learning arena then in 1968, Dr. Malcolm Knowles coin ed the term Andragogy- adult learning theory. Dr. Knowles believed that adults were independent learners; had life experiences that enhance learning, had learning needs related to social needs, were interested in immediate application of knowledge, and is internally motivated (Merriam, S., 2001). There are several other theories on adult learning that are along the same lines as Dr. Knowles and others not parallel in thought. According to Conlan, J., Grabowski, S., Smith, K. (2003) there are many theories on adult learning but the following were the most prominent theories: action learning, experimental learning, project based learning, and self-directed learning. Action learning’s foundation is utilizing real world projects as a means of learning usually in a group setting. Experimental Learning operates on the premise that people learn better by doing the action and reflect on their experience. Project Based Learning focuses on the group dynamics and solving complex problems. The group learns through research, contemplation and reflection are the building blocks of this particular theory. Self-Directed Learning is probably the most publicized theory andShow MoreRelatedAndragogy: Adult Learning Theory1315 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Subtopic: The History and Conceptualization of Andragogy Edward Lindeman is thought by many to be the founder of contemporary adult education. His work in the area of adult education included the writing of articles, books, public presentations, assistance in the collegiate system as a lecturer of social work and as an associate pastor in the church (Brookfield 1986). Lindeman and Martha Anderson traveled to observe and analyze the German Folk High School system and the worker’s movement. ConsequentlyRead MoreAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages When discussing the adult learning theory, andragogy is the best model for higher learning in adult education. Andragogy comes from the Greek word aner which means man and agogus which means leading (Knowles, 1980). The full translation means learning of adults. Andragogy was first used in the 1800s by a German teacher named Alex Kapp (Wang, 2011). It would not be until the late 1960s that a professor by the name of Malcolm S. Knowles would introduce andragogy to North America in a publishedRead MoreMalcolm Knowless Andragogy Theory1122 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Adult learning is the complete range of formal, non-formal and informal learning activities majorly undertaken by adult learners. Mainly, the process is often done to adults who have taken a break for a while after initially completing early education and training. The end process is the acquisition of knowledge and skills. The method may take place even beyond schooling from the tertiary level. The process is often diverse, and it makes a lifelong learning process, and the wholeRead MoreAndragogy: The Cornerstone of Adult Education Essay743 Words   |  3 Pagesconcentrating on the subject of Andragogy and how it has always been a cornerstone of adult education. Andragogy in a sense leads you down the path promoting individualism in learning and in turn allows the availability for each adult to find their own specific learning style. As we all know, each individual will not learn the exact same as another. In the following essay we will explore all there is to know of Andragogy. The long standing debate of Andragogy is if adults and children learn differentlyRead MoreAdult Learning Theory - Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Learning Theory Are people too stubborn and independent to learn once they become adults? The Adult Learning Theory focuses on the difference between how adults learn and how children learn. There are three main central ideas that support the Adult Learning Theory. These ideas or theories are known as andragogy, self-directed learning, and transformational learning. Andragogy is the teaching of adults, self-directed learning is the individual controlling their learning, and transformationalRead MoreLearning Theories : Knowles Versus Kolb Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pages Learning Theories: Knowles versus Kolb Sara L. Olson-Howard Ohio Christian University September 10, 2016 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that there are different theories based on how an individual learns. These theories are based on individuality rather than a group as a whole. I will compare and contrast the different learning theories as previously determined by educators Malcom S. Knowles which used Andragogy and Pedagogy compared to David Kolb whichRead MoreDifferent Models And Theories Associated With Adult Learning1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels and theories associated with adult learning. Through my research it seems that andragogy is the first thing educators think of when adult learning process is mentioned. Malcolm Knowles says, Andragogy is â€Å"the art and science of helping others learn (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007).†Andragogy are learning strategies focused on adults. It is often interpreted as the process of engaging adult learners with the structure of the learning experience (Clardy, 2005). Andragogy is an assumptionRead MoreBriefing Report on Andragogy1284 Words   |  5 PagesBriefing Report on Andragogy What is meant by andragogy? The current business environment is continuously changing and it is vital that Google provides their workforce with effective training and development to ensure that the corporation retains the market position and stay ahead of competitors. However, to propose a suitable training method within an adult workplace, it is important to understand the variety of training models that can be applied, which sets of hypothesis and theories that form theRead MoreThe Theories And Principles Of Adult Learning978 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Learning Investigating and understanding the theories and principles underpinning adult learning has helped me to advance my thinking about this phenomena. For instance, Piaget’s work involving the â€Å"formal operational† stage, according to Bass (2012) has allowed for the assumption that adults learn in a fixed manner developed in their late teen years and that they remain unchanged from this stage (p. 387). It was assumed that adults, then spent the rest of their lives in that stage. HoweverRead MoreAndragogy Theory Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Learning is a continuous process by self-assessment to evaluate own experiences and knowledge (Schon, 1983). Learning must include the three domains like cognitive, affective and psychomotor to involve a process of individual transformation. So, the learners can actively build their knowledge (Biggs and Moore, 1993). The adult learning theory is very important for adults as they learn by different teaching styles and learning methods. (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). The

Intellectual Property, Ethical Dilemmas, and Alternative Dispute Resolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2070 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Intellectual Property Essay Did you like this example? Intellectual property issues, alternative dispute resolution, and ethical dilemmas often affect corporations in how the corporation conducts business. Such is the case of Acme, Inc., a pharmaceutical company that received a patent for an immortality drug but had no plans to market the drug per the company’s president and Beta, Inc. another drug company that copied the immortality drug with plans to market to the public at cost. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intellectual Property, Ethical Dilemmas, and Alternative Dispute Resolution" essay for you Create order The issues in this case involved intellectual property, specifically patent law, ethical decisions on the part of both companies, and alternative dispute resolution as to how both companies can resolve the problem. In the case of Acme, Inc. and Beta, Inc. the main issue at hand is intellectual property rights and patent laws. Intellectual property gives companies rights to protect certain types of intangible personal property, such as a patent (Mayer, Warner, Siedel, Lieberman, and Martina, n.d., p. 1142). Acme was granted a patent from the United States Patent Office giving the company exclusive rights to make, use, and sell the immortality drug for a period of twenty years from the date of application (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2015, para. 4). The type of patent issued to a company is vital in determining the legality of the intellectual property rights. Regarding Acme, the type of patent issued can be considered a utility patent which is granted to anyone who invents or discovers any composition of matter, such as the immortality drug (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2015, para. 6). However, the patentee is solely responsible for enforcing the patent and in the case of Acme, the president chose not to pursue the patent (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2015, para.5). In doing so, that decision opened the door for Beta, Inc. to take advantage of the law regarding intellectual property. Due to the fact Acme sat on the patent for the immorality drug and did not market it to the public, Beta was able to copy the drug and release it on the market. In this case, Beta did not apply for a patent. However, under the aspect of intellectual property, Beta could trademark the drug. Although Beta did not obtain a patent, a trademark would give the company a way to distinguish their drug from the drugs of other pharmaceutical company’s (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2015, para.7). However, Beta could find itself in the same position as Acme as a trademark does not prevent other companies from making or selling the same drugs under a clearly, different mark (United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2015, para.8). In determining the legal aspects surrounding intellectual property rights such as patents or trademarks with the competition between Acme and Beta, caselaw plays a vital role. Acme applied for a patent for a specific drug but did not market the drug to the public. The question becomes in the case of Acme, what legal rights does Acme has regarding intellectual property and patent law? The same holds true of Beta. The company copied Acme’s drug, decided to market it to the public, but only for cost not profit. The question in the case of Beta, can Beta trademark the immortality drug under intellectual property and does patent law apply to Beta? The first aspect of caselaw both Acme and Beta must take into consideration regarding the patent or trademark of the immortality drug is the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011. Language in the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011 is very specific and can be applied to both Acme and Beta regarding patent law. The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011 blocks a patent if an invention is in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention (Bloomberg, 2018, para. 9). Acme had the patent, but did not pursue the market or sell of the invention, so does this make the patent null and void? Under Section ‘ § 291. Derived Patents of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011, â€Å"The owner of a patent may have relief by civil action against the owner of another patent that claims the same invention and has an earlier effective filing date, if the invention claimed in such other patent was derived from the inventor of the invention claimed in the patent owned by the person seeking relief under this section (pp. 6-7). In other words, Acme could have legal remedy against Beta for copying its patented immorality drug. Another issue of intellectual property caselaw affecting Acme and Beta is trademark law. Although Beta can potentially trademark the immortality drug even with Acme having a patent, this could create legal issues. Under Title 1  § 13 (15 U.S.C.  § 1063) section a of the U S Trademark Law, â€Å"Any person who believes that he would be damaged by the registration of a mark upon the principal register, including the registration of any mark which would be likely to cause dilution by blurring or dilution by tarnishment under section 1125(c) of this title, may, upon payment of the prescribed fee, file an opposition in the Patent and Trademark Office, stating the grounds therefor, within thirty days after the publication under subsection (a) of section 1062 of this title of the mark sought to be registered† (p. 16). This section of trademark law can create a major issue for Beta in that if Beta decides to trademark the immorality drug which Acme has patent right to, Acme could file a claim with the Patent Office against Beta. In addition to legal ramifications of both companies, Acme and Beta both face ethical dilemmas. In the case of Acme, the ethical dilemma facing the business regarding the patent of the immortality drug and the president’s decision not to market the drug to the public is by keeping the drug from the public, is Acme in depriving an anti-aging cure that would benefit millions of people from dying practicing good social responsibility? The answer is no. When the president made the decision to withhold a drug that would keep millions of people from suffering from death, Acme lack of social responsibility became an ethical issue. Although the public in unaware of the immortality drug, Acme has a social responsibility to market the drug to help people. Acme needs to look at the ethical ramifications of not producing, marketing, and selling the drug. Where is its duty to its stakeholders? Acme must decide where its duty lies and by utilizing an ethical framework of utilitarianism. The utilitarianism framework is based on results. When practicing this ethical framework, Acme doe s what is right for the greater good of society (Mayer, et.al, n.d., p.). Instead of sitting on the patent, Acme must move forward with the manufacturing of the immorality drug to provide society with the ability to sustain infinite life. In the case of Beta, the ethical dilemma facing the company regarding the copying of Acme’s immortality drug and deciding to sell at cost to the public, is Beta creating an issue of supply and demand when it markets a drug that will provide society with immortality and only charge at cost? The answer is yes. When Beta basically stole Acme’s idea of the immortality drug, decided to have people pay only costs, the company not only took away profits from shareholders, but started a domino effect of supply and demand. When people learn about the new drug on the market to give them longer life, the demand for the drug will increase and supply will dwindle. In order to keep up with the supply and demand chain, Beta will have to increase the cost of manufacturing, which in turn will increase the price of the drug to the public. Beta must consider the ethical issues it will create by selling the immorality drug at cost. By utilizing the ethical framework of deontology, Beta can produce an ethical solution. Deontology is an ethical framework that helps businesses put duty first, act rationally, and give moral weight to the equality to all people (Mayer, et al, n.d., p. 43). In other words, Beta should reconsider its decision to sale the drug at cost. It has a duty to act rationally by providing equality to all people. If Beta sells the drug at cost, over time as supply diminishes, demand increases. To avoid a supply and demand crisis, Beta must choose to make a profit and at the same time keep the drug affordable. Although both Acme and Beta are facing ethical dilemmas, both companies are also facing legal issues with each other. One method Acme and Beta can solve the issue surrounding the immorality drug manufacturing by Beta and the patent Acme holds is through alternative dispute resolution. Alternative dispute resolution offers parties alternative means to litigation which can be costly and take several years to settle in court. For parties that have a dispute there are three types of ADR that can help resolve issues. ADR offers parties negotiation, arbitration, or mediation. Each form of ADR can produce positive results. However, each is different. Negotiation is usually the first step in the dispute process. This process is informal and is usually handled directly by the parties without intervention (Mayer, et al, n.d., p. 108). In the case of Acme and Beta, the possibility of negotiation working is improbable due to the severity of the issue. The next steps in the ADR process are arbi tration and mediation. Parties can choose between arbitration and mediation to get the desired outcome to resolve the issue. Alternative dispute resolution offers parties a private decision maker where the decision is quick and binding by law and holds up in court (Mayer, et al, n.d., p.109). Unlike arbitration, mediation offers no binding decision where the parties can accept the mediators recommendations or not (Mayer, et al, n.d., p.109). It would be in the best interest of Acme and Beta to choose arbitration as any decision would be binding. For example, Acme could argue that because if the patent, it has sole rights to the immorality drug, while Beta could argue that Acme chose not to use the patent and therefore it has trademark right to the drug. In this situation, arbitration is the best option. Under the Federal Arbitration Act parties in arbitration are protected with certain rights. In the case of Acme v. Beta, this act gives both parties solutions. For example, if Acme proved Beta committed fraud, an appeal may be filed if Beta was the party that was granted an award. In conclusion, Acme invented an immorality drug to which the company was granted a patent. However, the president of Acme chose not to market the drug to the public. This caused Beta, a competitor to copy the drug and market it to the public at cost. Both issues created ethical dilemmas for Acme and Beta. Acme was faced with an ethical dilemma of withholding a life-saving rug from the public and Beta was faced with creating a supply and demand scenario. However, ethical dilemmas were not the only issues facing both companies. Acme and Beta are also facing legal issues in that Acme was granted a patent and Beta copied the drug and marketed the drug because Acme failed to do so. The solution to both ethical and legal issues for Acme is to go forward with the patent, manufacture the drug, and market to the public. Regarding legality Acme’s only solution to go to arbitration with Beta. Regarding Beta, the ethical decision will be based on the outcome of arbitration. If Beta is the victor of arbitration, ethically the company must rethink selling the immorality drug at cost. References Bloomberg Law. (2018, December 3). Drug-makers head to high court for clarity on patent-Sale timing. Retrieved from https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/drugmakers-head-to-high-court-for-clarity-on-patent-sale-timing Mayer, D., Warner, D., Siedel, G. Lieberman, J., Martina, A. (n.d.) Business Law and the Legal Environment. Washington, D. C.: Saylor Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.saylor.org/site/textbooks/BusinessLawandLegalEnvironment.pdf The Federal Arbitration Act (USA). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sccinstitute.com/media/37104/the-federal-arbitration-act-usa.pdf U S Trademark Law-Federal Statues. (2013, November 25). Retrieved from https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/trademarks/law/Trademark_Statutes.pdf United States Patent and Trademark Office. (2015, October). General information concerning patents. Retrieved from https://www.uspto.gov/patents-getting-started/general-information-concerning-patents#heading-12 USPTO. (2011, September 16). LEAHY–SMITH AMERICA INVENTS ACT. Retrieved from https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/aia_implementation/20110916-pub-l112-29.pdf

A Case Against Evolution Of Public Schools - 1082 Words

A Case Against Evolution in Public Schools Evolution is the most popular theory currently taught in public high schools, and is widely accepted as a sound scientific concept to teach. However, it is equally true that many disagree with evolution and many of its concepts as an explanation of the origin of life on our planet, and it is thus my opinion that evolution should not even be taught in public science classes, as it is not scientifically sound, nor should be a part of a wide variety of concepts taught to students that that should also include intelligent design, creationism, or any other number of theories that have just as much of validity as evolution. Here, we will discuss why evolution as a scientific theory is flawed, and that†¦show more content†¦New standards pointed out about that discrepancies in a molecular evidence has challenged the evolutionary theory of common ancestry of all living things and that whether microevolution can be extrapolated to explain macro evolutionary changes is controversial.(LeBeau, 2007) In the 1900s, once disappointed by the courts, anti-evolutionists moved onto intelligent design .Basically, this concept considers the existence of what is termed irreducible complexity in nature, which can only be attributed to an intelligent designer. (Clemmitt, 2005) Intelligent design promotes idea that life is so complex could have only been created by an intelligent being (Clemmitt, 2005) Intelligent design supporters have believed that a low-key approach is in order to be more successful ,rather than simply asking educational institutions to require that intelligent design be taught. Instead, they ask only that schools teach the controversy surrounding evolution, arguing that broadening the discussion will foster critical thought. (Clemmitt, 2005) Intelligent-Design advocates claim that their ideas constitute a true scientific originality. It seems that one thing preventing Intelligent Design from qualifying as science is that it potentially explains too much .Supporters of Intelligent Design completely disagree that theology should be rethought to accommodate science. (Clemmitt, 2005) The current intelligentShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution Or Intelligent Design1677 Words   |  7 Pagesseem to be shrouded in mystery, but in modern America two main theories have come to dominate as the explanation; either the theory of evolution or Intelligent Design. The theory of evolution was first published by Charles Darwin, a famous figure who is just as controversial in modern society as he was in his own time. He introduced the public to the theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species, where he proposed that new species evolve from older ones through Natural Selection, or the processRead MoreCreationism : A Theory Of Primordial History1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated phenomena in the history of education is that the hypothetical concept of evolution which can be considered as a theory of primordial history, moreover with the belief of creationism. Both have had an astounded impact in the framework of contemporary education should or should not be ta ught in the public classroom. Evolutionists and Creationists both have their reasons why their beliefs should be taught in the public classroom. The matter of the fact is that both of these are considered beliefsRead MoreThe Controversy Over Creationism And Evolution1415 Words   |  6 PagesCreationism and Evolution is a widely debated topic, especially when it comes to what is being taught in the biology classrooms in public schools today. It may be hard to imagine, but just over 100 years ago the curriculum and beliefs would have looked dramatically different. One central court case that created a spark of bringing evolution to public schools was the infamous Scopes trial of 1925 in which science teacher John Scopes challenged Tennessee state law and taught evolution in his high school scienceRead MoreThe Controversy Between Science And Religion1377 Words   |  6 PagesMonkey Trial, of 1925. The trial was over a Tennessee law that banned teaching evolution in public schools. T he American Civil Liberties Union protested the law with teacher, John Scopes, who agreed to help. Thetrial of the century brought together two famous political enemies, William Jennings Bryan, who led the anti-evolution crusade, and Clarence Darrow, who was known as the best criminal defense lawyer and evolution supporter. The author presents the history of controversy that led to the trialRead MoreShould Religious Education Be Public Schools?1719 Words   |  7 Pageshave religious education in our schools. Religion is a taboo issue and turns even more taboo when we involve children. Many oppose the teaching of region in our schools for the simple reason of separation of church and state. Another reason this is met with resistance would include all the reasons for which religion is frowned upon such as: crating division amongst people and misunderstandings. However, others argue that religious education is necessary in public schools due to the immense diversityRead MoreThe Firs t Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State1741 Words   |  7 Pagesstate or federal governments to favor one religion over another? Government can show favoritism toward religion by displaying religious symbols in public places at taxpayer expense, by sponsoring events like Christmas concerts, caroling, by supporting the teaching of religious ideas, or even by supporting the teaching of creationism in public schools. It appears the United States government has had a history of favoring Christianity. The United States governments favoritism of ChristianityRead MorePublic Schools Should Not Be The Place For Religious Practices1601 Words   |  7 Pagesimmediately conflicts arose between religions, and their belief systems. No problems seem to arise with teaching religion to children in school until the 1900 s. That is when the courts decided religious instructions in public schools would be deemed unconstitutional. Court cases started around the country with people fighting against religious instruction in public schools, many accusing teachers of putting their beliefs in their teachings. The young, and impressionable minds of children should not beRead More Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pages In cases having to do with constitutionality, the issue of the separation of church and state arises with marked frequency. This battle, which has raged since the nation?s founding, touches the very heart of the United States public, and pits two of the countrys most important influences of public opinion against one another. Although some material containing religious content has found its way into many of the nations public schools, its inclusion stems from its contextual and historicalRead MoreEssay on Should Intelligent Design be Taught in Public Schools?1665 Words   |  7 PagesSpecies, which would introduce the seminal theory of evolution to the scientific community. Over 150 years later, the majority of scientists have come to a consensus in agreement with this theory, citing evidence in newer scientific research. In an average high school biology classroom, one may imagine an instructor that has devoted much of his life to science and a predominantly Christian class of about twenty-five students. On the topic of evolution, one of the students might ask, â€Å"Why would God haveRead MoreEdward Larsons Work Summer For The Gods1199 Words   |  5 PagesDarwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin s account of random variations, coupled with his survival-of-the-fittest selection process, posed a critical problem for many Christians who retained a teleological view of nature.† (Larson, 17) This threat to Christian spirituality sparked an anti-evolution movement in an attempt to revoke the teachings of evolution in public school systems. The Tennessee House of Representatives soon passed a statute making it illegal for any public school official to teach

Prevention and Management of Workplace Bullying †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Prevention and Management of Workplace Bullying. Answer: Bullying is the occupational health and safety hazard that nurses and midwives across the globe face while working in a clinical setting. bulying is marked by inappropriate behaviour that leads to major physical and emotional impacts. There is an urgent need of coming up with practical method for redressing such issues of bullying to cease them across workplace (Rodwell Demir, 2012). Speak out Midwives are to communicate with the manger or supervisor if nay challenge is faced. Reporting any issue that is related to patient safety as well as that of the midwives is crucial since they can be subjected to bullying. As per the Code of Ethics for midwives in Australia are to report any undesirable incidence in the workplace that might cause harm to the patients and self, including bullying (Code of ethics for midwives in Australia, 2012). I know my rights Midwives can take action on bullying in the workplace at the Fair Work Commission for stopping further bullying. The Commision is responsible for taking strict actions against those who engage in bullying. If there is an order from the Commission to stop bullying and there has been no change regarding this, one can contact the Fair Work Ombudsman by calling or sending an online enquiry. The two authorities to be contacted are the Australian Human Rights Commission and the state health and safety authority. The authorities can come forward to communicate with the midwives and impart education on the need of preventing bullying (fairwork.gov.au, 2017). Resilience McGowan and Karen Murray (2016) had highlighted that resilience is a process of personal development and nurses and midwives are to assist each other in this development of practical skills and knowledge so that they can better deal with the challenging work environment. Midwives are to learn from everything in their surrounding integrate the positive learning into their practice. They need to undertake a critical analysis before taking a decision. Learning from mistakes is a key aspect of professional development. Resilience aids in recovering from challenges in a swift manner. Empowering and working in collaboration Nurse and midwives are to demonstrate professional leadership, vision, guidance and advocacy to patients as well as colleagues (Code of ethics for midwives in Australia, 2012). As per the Australian Constitution, the staff must have the confidence and freedom to act in the best interests of the patients. Working in collaboration with others would ensure that there are job satisfaction and safe service provision. Nurses are to be empowered to speak about bullying by supporting them with adequate resources and maintaining their privacy as they come forward to report such incidences (Empowering a positive culture in midwifery 2012). How to identify bullies Bullying is different from discrimination taking place within the workplace. Discrimination takes place when there is an adverse action due to an individual characteristics such as gender and race (Humanrights.gov.au, 2017). Bullying, on the other hand, is a repetitive unjustified and irrational behaviour towards an individual due to which there arises a risk to the health and safety of that person within the setting (Rodwell Demir, 2012). Previous studies have indicated that about 30% of nurses and midwives have experienced bullying in their workplace (Budden et al., 2017). Policies for protection Bullying prevention strategies help the healthcare organsiations to ensure healthy and safe working conditions simultaneously of reducing expenditure on the injuries and ill health pertaining to bullying (Birks et al., 2017). A risk management approach is to be taken for the prevention of bullying. The procedure of risk management needs to abide by the Occupational Health Safety (OHS) legislation (health.nsw.gov.au, 2011). Risk controls would involve the implementation of preventative strategies and training for the elimination of bullying or minimising the risk. Organisations must ensure that the staff have the awareness of their obligations to not engage in bullying behaviour. They must promote an environment where there is no chance of bullying through taking care of own behaviour and actions. In addition, they must ensure that any information about improper staff behaviour is communicated to the entire staff. Encouraging and supporting staff to resolve conflicts and freivances b y dissemination of information and adequate training is also a strategy (Humanrights.gov.au., 2017). Equipping the staff to respond in an effective and prompt manner in relation to bullying is very important. Zero tolerance policy is to be present for lodging complaints against those who show chances of bullying. Monitoring of risk control measures is essential to essential to highlight the effectiveness of the set policies (health.nsw.gov.au, 2011). References Birks, M., Budden, L., Biedermann, N., Park, T., Chapman, Y. (2017). A rite of passage?: Bullying experiences ofnursing students in Australia.Collegian. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.03.005 Bullying - Prevention and Management of Workplace Bullying in NSW Health. (2011).health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/PDS/pages/doc.aspx?dn=PD2011_018 Bullying - Prevention and Management of Workplace Bullying in NSW Health. (2011). Budden, L. M., Birks, M., Cant, R., Bagley, T., Park, T. (2017). Australiannursing students experience of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement.Collegian,24(2), 125-133. Code of ethics for midwives in Australia. (2012). www.midwives.org.au. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.midwives.org.au/code-ethics Empowering a positive culture in midwifery. (2012). Yorkshire and the humber local supervising authority. McGowan, J., Murray, K. (2016). Exploring resilience innursing and midwifery students: a literature review.Journal Of Advanced Nursing,72(10), 2272-2283. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jan.12960 Rodwell, J., Demir, D. (2012). Psychological consequences of bullying for hospital and aged care nurses.International Nursing Review,59(4), 539-546. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.01018.x Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. (2017).Fair Work Ombudsman. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/bullying-and-harassment#what-to-do-if-you-think-bullying-or-harassment-has-happened Workplace bullying: Violence, Harassment and Bullying Fact sheet | Australian Human Rights Commission. (2017).Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/workplace-bullying-violence-harassment-and-bullying-fact-sheet Workplace bullying: Violence, Harassment and Bullying Fact sheet | Australian Human Rights Commission. (2017).Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/workplace-bullying-violence-harassment-and-bullying-fact-sheet

The crop protection industry Essay Example

The crop protection industry Essay The AHP firm Cynamid was purchased by German based company BASF in 2000. This purchase results in a reduction of the competitive ability of AHP and increases the threat posed by BASF. Previously Monsanto had entered agreements with Cynamid in which they were able to sell glyphosphate for use in the herbicide created by Cynamid called Extreme. This increase in the products ability to provide protection is an example of Cynamids focus strategy, providing particular customers with their specific needs. BASF is a major power in the pharmaceutical organisation with many branches into different areas of research. While this draws on its resources it also provides substantial revenue for RD which is essential in the biotechnology industry. More recently BASF claims to be aiming to remain the worlds leading chemical company. (Dorothe Myer 2005) They intend to do this by helping customers and providing sustainable development. While farmers who purchase technologies may want to produce the best yields they also want their customers to be happy with their products. For this reason the strategy BASF is adopting is appropriate for achieving future profits. Monsanto focuses its business on agricultural crop growers. It exceeds in this industry and has obtained a large amount of revenue due to its creation of the Roundup herbicide. Novartis is not completely concerned with crop protection but concentrates on health products. It does not focus solely on crop protection and I dont believe they pose the most significant threat to the market share of Monsanto. BASFs firm Cynamid has developed products that directly impact Monsantos market share. We will write a custom essay sample on The crop protection industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The crop protection industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The crop protection industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The organisation accumulates large revenues each year and through this revenue can spend more on RD then less successful companies. These revenues are spent over a number a more substantial area as BASF is involved in more industries then crop protection. I dont believe that they are the most significant threat to Monsanto as they have just acquired Cynamid and are not as established as some other organisations in the crop protection industry. DuPonts firm Pioneer focuses on crop protection and in the past has developed useful and profitable products using Monsantos glyphosphate ingredient. Although it has proved competitive it has used Monsantos technology to its advantage and has increased profits partly due to Monsantos patent conclusion. Pioneer is still a threat but I do not believe it is as much a threat as the established Syngenta organisation. Syngenta is another competitor of Monsanto that focuses solely on crop protection. It is a greater threat to Monsanto as it has worldwide operations with high revenues and continually innovative products. Syngenta had sales in 2004 equal to approximately US$7. 3 billion. (Syngenta 2005) It has also been granted recent court ruling that allow it to enter markets and compete with Monsanto. (Corey Gillam 2004) Syngenta is also responsible for releasing a new combination product called LOMAX which provides season long control of broadleaf weeds and grasses. (Syngenta2005) I believe Syngenta has the resources to create innovative products and threaten any thoughts of a monopoly by Monsanto. It is a well established organization with the revenue and technology to expand in the crop protection industry.