Guideline for Article Review Essay

1. Full Bibliographic Reference State the full bibliographic reference for the article you are reviewing (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) Important: this is not the bibliography listed at the end of the article, rather the citation of the article itself! Grading: -3 if missing 2. Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Note: For the on-line reviews done in some class sections, this category may be broken up into several separate subcategories. For the written review, please discuss all of these subcategories together as follows. Paragraph 1: State the objectives (goals or purpose) of the article. What is the article’s domain (topic area)? Paragraph 2: †¢ Audience: State the article’s intended audience. At what level is it written, and what general background should the reader have; what general background materials should the reader be familiar with to understand the article? †¢ Appropriate Journal? : Why is the journal appropriate (or inappropriate) for this article? (Check the mission statement or purpose of the journal itself from its cover or its Web site. ) Paragraph 3: State whether the article is â€Å"conceptual† or â€Å"empirical†, and why you believe it is conceptual or empirical. Empirical articles and conceptual articles have a similar objective: to substantiate an argument proposed by the author. While a conceptual article supports such an argument based on logical and persuasive reasoning, an empirical article offers empirical evidence to support the argument. Empirical articles offer substantial, detailed evidence which the authors analyze using statistical methods. Empirical articles must include hypotheses (or propositions), detailed research results, and (statistical) analyses of this empirical evidence. Empirical research includes experiments, surveys, questionnaires, field studies, etc, and to limited degree, case studies. Conceptual articles may refer to such empirical evidence, but do not provide the detailed analysis of that evidence. Of course, both types of articles can use real life examples to back up their points. Just because an article provides examples, does not necessarily mean that it is empirical. (The lesson to take home is not to consider a conceptual article to be an empirical one just because it provides some summarized or some unanalyzed data. ) Grading: Objectives: great – 3; ok – 2; poor – 1 Grading: Audience/Journal Appropriateness: great – 3; ok – 2; poor – 1 Grading: Conceptual vs. empirical: great – 2; ok/poor – 1 3. Very Brief Summary Prev Page For our article reviews, we do not want you to spend much space summarizing the article. Instead we are more interested in your analysis of the article. Thus, in this section, summarize the article only very briefly (2-3 paragraphs). If possible, use the IS research paradigm as the format of your summary, but remaining very brief: †¢ Paragraph 1: what is the problem or opportunity being addressed †¢ Paragraph 2: which solution is proposed (the solution could be a new model or a theory that explains the problem) †¢ Paragraph 3: what evidence is put forth that this solution is appropriate (If this is an empirical article, be sure to briefly describe what kind of empirical study was done as part of the evidence) Grading: great – 4; ok – 2; poor – 1 4. Results. Very briefly summarize the important points (observations, conclusions, findings) and â€Å"take home messages† in the article. Please do not repeat lists of items in the articles – just summarize the essence of these if you feel they are necessary to include. Grading: great – 8; ok – 5; poor – 2 5. Class Readings 1. Does this article directly cite any of the class readings, i. e. , does any class reading appear explicitly in its bibliography or reference section? If not, state this explicitly. If so, clearly describe how the authors use the cited article. How does the article you are reviewing relate to and/or build upon the class article it cites? If this article does not cite any class readings then just state this. (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) Do not discuss any other readings, such as other readings on the same topic or by the same author. Save any discussions of similar articles for your synthesis section below. 2. Do any of the class readings cite your article (besides the textbook)? If so, clearly describe how. If no class readings cite your article, then write in your review â€Å"No class readings cite this article. † (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) Be sure to add all references you cite to the bibliography. Grading: great – 4; ok – 2; poor – 1 {If none, then score 4 by default if this has been stated explicitly. } 6. Contributions An article makes a â€Å"contribution† by adding to the knowledge of researchers in a research field. An article can make a contribution to the research field in many ways. Does it provide a new way to look at a problem? Does it bring together or â€Å"synthesize† several concepts (or frameworks, models, etc. ) together in an insightful way that has not been done before? Does it provide new solutions? Does it provide new results? Does it identify new issues? Does it provide a comprehensive survey or review of a domain? Does it provide new insights? Also, is it salient (relevant and current) to a particular scientific issue or managerial problem? Are the issues addressed introduced in a way that their relevance to practice is evident? Would answers to the questions raised in the article likely to be useful to researchers and managers? Note: Do not discuss the contributions of the technologies the article describes, but rather the contributions of the article itself! The article’s contributions should be original. To the best of your knowledge, are they? Are the article’s take-home messages new? Describe each contribution clearly in a separate paragraph or bullet point. Discuss why the contribution is important. Alternatively, if you believe the article makes no contributions, explain why clearly. Grading: great – 8; ok – 5; poor – 2 7. Foundation Good research often is built upon theories and frameworks that other researchers have developed. Sometimes articles will be substantially based upon this prior work, and refer back to it in some detail. (Not all research articles will do this. ) Which theoretical foundations does this article and research build on, if any? In what ways? Include references/citations of the foundation work. (You can determine this in part from the works the article Prev Page cites. ) Note, however, that most works cited are not core foundational work, but rather just support certain aspects of the article. Similarly, do not confuse a general discussion of related topics as foundational work. If the article does not build upon key pieces of prior research, then write in your review â€Å"This article does not build upon any foundation research. † (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) Grading: great – 4; ok – 3; poor -1 {If none, then score 4 by default if this has been stated explicitly} 8. Synthesis with Class Materials The synthesis section should be at least one full page. Synthesis means analyzing a particular topic by comparing and contrasting it with, and thinking about it from the viewpoint of, the class materials from across the semester. These materials include the articles, models, frameworks, guidelines and other concepts we’ve covered. (Of course, only certain materials will be relevant for any given article. ) Note: You have to do this synthesis! You need to relate this article to other things we have studied, so by definition you will not find this analysis in the article itself! Discuss the article’s research ideas and results in terms of any relevant materials covered in class or which you have found in the readings. You can also check the concepts in the â€Å"to know† link on the â€Å"quick links† portion of the course Web site. Cite these readings explicitly, including their source in the bibliography and a bibliographic marker in the text (e. g. , [Turoff et al. , 1999]). You also could analyze the approach the author took to the article’s analysis and discussion. Discuss the article’s approach and results in terms of one or more of the frameworks, etc. , from the text or readings, or any you find elsewhere. For example, if the authors discuss any type of information system, you could use Alter’s WCA analysis to examine how they approached that information system. Try to do this for all the models and frameworks, etc., which apply to your article. As part of this analysis, reference other articles you’ve read, when appropriate. Compare the approach, results and contribution with all articles about similar topics or with a similar approach. For example, if your article develops a new framework, compare it with Bandyopadyhah’s Prev Page framework criteria (and vice versa – whoever does Bandyopadyhah’s article could test his criteria on frameworks from the other readings). Include any articles you cite in the bibliography and use bibliographic markers in the text. For all of these, do your synthesis comparison in as much depth as you can! Grading: four items up to 20 points total (12 points plus 8 points extra credit) – for each item: great – 5 ok – 2; poor – 1 Great: discussed deeply and relating the article in detail with the synthesized models and frameworks. OK: the synthesized information is only discussed in general 9. Analysis Note: Many people assume this category is the same as â€Å"General Critique†. It is not. General Critique is a different category from this, and follows below. What has changed since the article was written? How do it’s lessons, ideas and theories still apply? To what extent has its issues been resolved? Grading: great – 4; ok – 2; poor – 1 Additional Analysis Optionally, try applying the article’s models, frameworks and guidelines, etc. yourself. Do you find them useful? In addition, you may optionally add your own additional analysis in a separate subsection. (Do not repeat the author’s analysis in the paper – you could summarize this as part of the results section. ) Grading: this section is extra credit only: great – 8; ok – 5; poor – 2 10. General Critique In this section you should state your opinions of how well (or poorly) the authors did their research and presented the research results in the article. Your critique can contain both positive and negative comments. Justify and explain in detail each of your critique points in a separate paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. The following are suggestions only: †¢ Does it build upon the appropriate foundation (i. e. , upon appropriate Prev Page prior research)? †¢ Did the authors choose the correct approach, and then execute it properly? †¢ How confident are you in the article’s results, and why? †¢ Are its ideas really new, or do the authors simply repackage old ideas and perhaps give them a new name? †¢ Do the authors discuss everything they promise in the article’s introduction and outline? †¢ What are the article’s shortcomings (faults) and limitations (boundaries)? Did it discuss all of the important aspects and issues in its domain (topic area)? †¢ In what way should the article have made a contribution, but then did not? †¢ Do the authors make appropriate comparisons to similar events, cases or occurrences? †¢ How complete and thorough a job did the authors do? Do the authors include an adequate discussion, analysis and conclusions? Did they justify everything adequately? Did they provide enough background information for the intended audience to understand it? For you to understand it? †¢ Were there adequate and appropriate examples and illustrations? For full credit, ask yourself these questions when justifying your critique points: †¢ why/why not? †¢ how? †¢ what distinguishes the differences/different approaches, and in what ways? Grading: four items up to 16 points total (10 points plus 6 points extra credit) – for each item: great – 4; ok – 2; poor – 1 11c. Further Critique of a Conceptual Article *** only for conceptual articles {adapted from guidelines from Dr. Dan Robey, Georgia State University} A critique of a conceptual article examines the logic of the arguments made by the authors. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. Give examples whenever possible. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY: Do any parts of the article or research contradict or invalidate other parts? If so, have the authors acknowledged and explained this adequately? 2. COHERENCE: Does the article make sense? Did the authors approach this article (and this research) sensibly? Does the article develop Prev Page  an argument that follows a coherent line of reasoning? Are the boundaries of the argument reasonably well defined? Does the argument anticipate most, if not all, rival arguments? Does the article flow in a logical sequence? Do later parts build logically upon earlier parts? 3. SUBSTANCE: Does the article provide an argument or a line of reasoning that offers insight into important issues, or does it merely summarize previous studies in a shallow way that does not reflect depth of analysis? Does the article provide ways (a model, framework, guidelines, etc. ) to guide future thinking about the issue(s) the author is addressing? 4. FOCUS: Is there a clear audience that the authors address? Was the article written at the appropriate level for this audience? Grading: for each: great – 3 ok – 2; poor – 1 11e. Further Critique of an Empirical Article *** only for empirical articles {adapted from guidelines from Dr. Dan Robey, Georgia State University} A critique of an empirical article examines the strength of the empirical evidence supporting the author’s argument. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. CLARITY: Is the article’s purpose and argument clear? Do the researchers clearly develop a major research question, proposition, or hypothesis that is to be evaluated in the empirical study and discussed in this article? If the study is exploratory (preliminary), is sufficient justification for an exploratory strategy given? 2. THEORETICAL GROUNDING: Is the researcher’s argument grounded in more basic theory? Is it clear whether the structure of the empirical study (i. e. , what they do) was derived from theory, or just made up? In theory-building articles, is the need for new theory adequately established? 3. DESIGN OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATION: Is it clear exactly how the empirical study was carried out? Is the design of the research approach (field study, experiments, questionnaires, etc. – both contents and how they will be used) adequate to address the common threats to internal and external validity? Have appropriate controls been established, and is the selection of research sites justified? Are the hypotheses and experiments, Prev Page etc. , significant? 4. MEASUREMENT: Empirical studies can have quantitative measurements (i. e., numeric results) and qualitative or subjective measurements. Are the measures used adequately described (i. e. , what is measured in the study and how)? Are data on the reliability and validity of these measures reported? Does the article feel anecdotal or solidly supported with evidence? For example, in case or field studies, are the results well documented? Is it clear who the subjects were, and with whom interviews were carried out? Were important results cross-checked, i. e. , determined across a range of subjects or just gotten from one or two subjects? 5. ANALYSIS: Is the analysis of empirical data conducted properly? Do the data conform to the requirements of any statistical tests used? Are qualitative data adequately described and presented? 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In discussing the results of the empirical study, do the authors remain true to the actual findings of the study? Are the claims made in the conclusion of the article actually supported by the empirical data? If the study is exploratory, do the authors offer research questions or hypotheses for future research? 7. BIASES: Do the biases of the authors affect the design of the research or the interpretation of the results? Are the authors aware of potential biases and the affect on the study? Grading: for each: great – 2 ok/poor – 1 12. Issues (listed by the author) What open questions or issues has the author stated remain unresolved? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issue’s paragraph should take the following format: †¢ what is the issue? †¢ why do you believe this is an important issue? †¢ in what way is it unresolved †¢ suggestions for resolving it – if you give your own suggestions (instead of or in addition to the authors’, then precede each with â€Å"I would propose †¦ † If it has been resolved since the article was written, then state how it was resolved. Note: If you have any critiques in this section, they most likely belong in the General Critique section instead. Grading: 3 items up to 9 points total (6 points plus 3 points extra Prev Page credit) – for each item: great – 3; ok – 2; poor – 1 13. Issues (in your opinion) List several open questions or issues which remain unresolved in your opinion? For example, what possible future research questions could arise from this article? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issue’s paragraph should take the following format: †¢ what is the issue? †¢ why do you believe this is an important issue? †¢ in what way is it unresolved †¢ suggestions for resolving it Note: If you have any critiques in this section, they most likely belong in the General Critique section instead. Grading: 4 items up to 12 points total (6 points plus 6 points extra credit) – for each item: great – 3; ok – 2; poor – 1 14. Impact To determine how much impact this article has had, do a citation analysis. Discuss what this citation analysis shows, and why; don’t just list the citations! (See the Citation Analysis Guidelines (.doc) and Handout (. pdf) posted on the course Web site. ) If the article has no citations, then write in your review â€Å"I found no citations in the Science Citation Index, the Social Sciences Citation Index or on the Internet. † Then clearly explain why you believe there were no citations at all. If you found citations in some indexes or on the Internet but not the others, then explain this as well. Include your citation lists in an appendix to your review (see below for details). Grading – impact discussion: great – 3; ok – 2; poor – 1 15. Questions List three insightful questions of your own, arising from this article. Do Prev Page not ask definitions, but rather questions that really make one think. Grading: 3 questions, up to 6 points total – for each question: great/ok – 2; poor – 1 16. Annotated Bibliography For every item you have cited in your report, you need a full reference and an annotation explaining it. This includes references to any class materials, as well as the three additional citations utilized in sections 6-14. 1. List the full bibliographic references (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) for anything you have cited in your review. IMPORTANT: This is NOT the bibliography listed at the end of the article. It is the bibliographic references for any readings you yourself referred to inside your review. 2. Write 2-4 sentences describing the article. 3. Write 2-3 sentences describing why you cited it. Also, be sure that you have included a bibliographic marker to each (such as [Bieber & Smith, 2001]) in the text of your review. Grading: -5 if missing references; -3 if you mention the authors explicitly in your text and put the references in this bibliography section, but forget to explicitly place citation markers in your text. 17. Citation Analysis Appendix There is a separate page on the course Web site describing citation analysis. This appendix will have three sections: †¢ the citations you found in the Science Citation Index †¢ the citations you found in the Social Sciences Citation Index †¢ the citations you found through a thorough Web search on the Internet If the article has no citations for any of these three, then write in that section â€Å"I found no citations in the [Science Citation Index or the Social Sciences Citation Index or on the Internet]. † Note, if your article has more than 20 citations, you only need to include a selection of them: †¢ State how many citations each index has and the Web search found †¢ List Prev Page 1-2 citations for each year in which the article has been cited. Try to include citations from several different journals spread over your selection ? Include a citation analysis to see who has cited it and how.

The benefits of Facebook Network

Nowadays social networks are so advanced in various ways; we then can communicate with friends easily on the internet. Social networks are well-known for everyone in the world who lives far away from each others in different countries. There are many programs we can use for communication, including Google, Hotmail, G-mail, Yahoo, Hi5, MSN, Skype, Facebook, and etc. At the moment, Facebook is so popular for most people especially teenagers. Using the Facebook has lots of benefits for everyone who loves making friends through networks. Firstly, Facebook has a lot of functions that is very popular and interesting nowadays. It’s like a friendship book. If you use Facebook, you can make your own profile. You also can find your old friends when you were at a primary or high school on Facebook networks by using only their names or their E-mail addresses. In addition, you can share your pictures or video clips to your friends on Facebook networks. You can post your messages you want on your Facebook wall. You can chat online realtime with your friends on Facebook. If you want to comment on your friend’s pictures, friend’s messages or friend’s video clips, you can do it easily. And your other friends can share their opinions and ideas with you. Facebook thus has many good choices for you to make friends on this particular social network. Secondly, the Facebook is outstanding for multifunction using. The Facebook is excellent for playing games with your friends even living apart from each other. There are various kinds of flash games you can enjoy and build up your own creative world. The News walls and activities can be created on the Facebook in order to share information and invite your friends or groups to participate corporately and creatively. Now, let’s ask yourself whether you are an enjoyable person with games and activities or not, if the answer is yes, the Facebook is then the suitable social network for you. Lastly, using the Facebook is good opportunities to learn languages, cultures, and business in the global networks. The Facebook network has more than 400 million users around the world, and it is growing everyday that helps the members to exchange languages and cultures while chatting or posting messages on the wall. And also you can learn slang words from the network such as HMU (Hit me up), Brb (Be right back) and etc. The Facebook will also be served as the business purposes by posting product pictures or advertisements on the Fan page. The Facebook network then helps us to learn other cultures, languages, and business without direct interaction to each others. Using the Facebook has various benefits for everyone. The Facebook has many good choices for you to make friends on this particular social network. If you are an enjoyable person with games and activities, the Facebook is the suitable social network for you. The Facebook network is the cheapest way to learn other cultures, languages, and business. Using the Facebook is more advantage than other old social networks.

AAS 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AAS 4 - Essay Example These crimes usually take place where there are people of different ethnicity, culture, religion or background living together in a tense and unsocial environment that tends to create differences which, with the passage of time, increase and become more influential and dominating in the society so as to create an everlasting difference that transfers from one generation to another. Vincent Jen Chin was an Asian American who originally belonged to China. He was brutally murdered through assaults in the month of June; year 1982 in the city of Detroit, Michigan’s closed society of Highland Park. Ronald Ebens who was a Chrysler plant supervisor murdered him with assistance from his stepson, Michael Nitz. The assault included baseball bat blows to the head and possessed numerous characteristics falling in the context of hate crimes. The case carries great importance in the context of hate crime as the assassination caused an outrage from the public due to the soft sentencing of both the men in a plea bargain. Later a Federal prosecution was carried out which was an outcome of the public demand through alliance numerous Asian ethnic organizations. This is why the assassination is believed to be the commencement of a movement of pan-ethnic Asian Americans. (Yip) Ethnic issues are increasing in offices and schools where there are brisk socio-economic modifications and such issues are the consequence of uneven work and educational prospects or bias practices in employment of staff. Deterrence of hate crimes and gang movements in schools as well as offices are the duty of school, employers and the police, who must take measures to make plans to take care of such activities and resolve racial

Statement of objectives and Simple Written Essay

Statement of objectives and Simple Written - Essay Example The career opportunities and qualified candidates are so enormous that organizations become highly selective in choosing competent aspirants to various positions. Having graduated with a degree in Management, I am aware that professional movement in this specialized field is easily maximized. I would like to explore the potentials of heading other departments – not only to be confined to Sciences of Management. The extensive responsibilities and functions assigned to managers are highly motivating and enticing that professionalizing this field is a viable move. Further, the PhD Program at Rutgers offers unique learning experiences which would ensure personal and professional development as well as accord one with theoretical concepts and applications which can immediately be utilized in the work setting. I am enthusiastic and optimistic in applying new concepts in my current organization, not only as a practitioner, but as a more competent and qualified manager. I am convinced that Rutgers University would be instrumental in opening wider opportunities through professional expertise and high quality standards of academic performance. I graduated with a master’s degree in Sciences of Management at Polytechnic Institute of New York University. I was credited with 3 Advanced Certificates in Management from the same university, to wit: Advanced Certificate in Information Management, Advanced Certificate in Telecommunication Management, and Advanced Certificate in Human Resource. Equipped with these academic achievements, I am prepared to undertake greater challenges in higher education. My ultimate goal is to be an instrument of change to the development and growth of the organization where I belong. Rutgers University is one of the most prestigious institutions which can accord a multi disciplinary approach to the program. I am optimistic in learning various principles of finance, entrepreneurship

Creation and evolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creation and evolution - Research Paper Example This paper will compare and contrast the two ideologies illustrating their similarities and differences. In addition, the paper will base its creationism comparison on Christianity. Creationism refers to the belief and the ideology that humanity exists and there is a deity which varies among the difference in beliefs (Comet, 117). Followers of this ideology believe that there is a creator who is responsible for the creation of the world and all inhabitants and components such as animals, natural resources and humans. This ideology is solely on the basis of the particular religion one believes in and is considered as a concept of faith. According to the book of Genesis in the Bible, the world was created by God in a timeframe of 7days (Comet, 117). One difference that exists between the two concepts is that in creationism everything has a purpose. It was all created uniquely and ideally by a super natural being to fulfill this purpose (Crothers, 234-235). In addition, this belief also states that God created everything according to its kind, for example, rats only make rats, sharks only make sharks and humans only make humans (Comet, 117). In contrast to creationism which is believes in a fixed status and existence of a supernatural being, evolution theories are based on the spontaneity and metamorphosis of humans and other components of nature in order to be better adjusted to the changing environment (Crothers, 234-235). This has often been termed survival of the fittest, whereby the species better suited for certain environmental conditions survive, whilst those that do not die and are unable to pass their genotypes and phenotypes to the next generation. (Scott, 55-64). In essence, the theory of evolution is not based on faith and religion like creationism, but rather on development. Using the example mentioned above, could result in rats evolving into sharks (Comet, 117). The

Youth Violence In Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Youth Violence In Schools - Essay Example en all the basic necessities in their lives including good foundation for their social and emotional needs (Haapasalo & Pokela, 1999; Goldhagen & Lansdown, 2008). It is also important to consider that without this proper care, there is a great absence of providing other needs that children can use when they grow as young adults. The young adults face different situations in their lives including different problems. One of these is youth violence in school. Youth violence is a prevalent issue in the world. However, this issue is highly integrated not just within school premises, but inside home. Thus, youth violence in school is a problem in the society that starts from home. Youth violence in school is a problem in the society that starts from home because it is a place that has become an integral part of one’s life where values, characters and personalities are formed (Harden & Whittaker, 2011). In there, there are parents who always have the chance to influence their children. It is their obligations to show to their children the good values, characters and personalities to live by. Failure of these parents to show these will usually result to undesirable expectations. In most of the time, children are always blamed about their being foolish or hard headed when in fact; the bottom line of it all is the failure of parents to show good influence at home. In the same way, young adults usually find themselves blamed about their own actions when in fact, the very foundation of the problem starts from the kind of influence they receive at home from their parents. Youth violence is a problem that starts from home because it depends on the level of communication parents invest in their children’s lives. Aside from setting a good influence of parents for their children, it is tested and proven that a good communication between them would also work out. Children who receive constant communication with their parents have many things to learn (Tates & Meeuwesen, 2000).

Management accounting and control Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Management accounting and control - Coursework Example This approach was developed by Kaplan and Norton through the development of a set of measures otherwise called by them as â€Å"a balance scorecard.† The approach has the ability of giving the managers of organization a fast and quick view of the organization in terms of measures and management of performance information which includes both process and results measures (Swain, Krumwiede and Eaton 1999). The balanced scorecard is compared to the dials and the indicators in an airplane cockpit due to its ability to give comprehensive information simultaneously about the current and the predicted environment needed by managers for effective and efficient management. Information from this approach is ought to be gathered using the four model approach as follows:- in the customers perspectives, the managers are required to know if they are able to satisfy their customers’ needs hence the need for them to respond to the question as to how the customers see them. Secondly, the model will allow the managers to focus on the critical internal operation which enables the organization satisfy the customer needs, this is known as the internal business perspective. Thirdly, the approach gives the innovation and learning perspective which shows the ability of the organization to innovate, improve and learn. ... Therefore, the balanced scorecard is an organizational framework used in the implementation and management strategy at all the levels of the organization. It does this by linking objectives, initiatives and measures to an organization’s strategy. Hence, the approach can be termed as a strategic management system as opposed to only a measurement system due to its ability to function in both ways (Lipe and Salterio 2000). In addition, the tool enables the organization to be able to clarify their vision and strategy while translating them into action. The full use of the balanced scorecard enables an organization to transform their strategic planning to merely an academic exercise into the nerve center of the organization and its operations through the provision of the overall performance of the organization. This is done through the integration of all the financial measures like ROI, RI and EPS with the other key performance indicators of the organization which are found around the customer’s perspective, internal business processes, organizational growth as well as learning and innovation (Swain, Krumwiede and Eaton 1999). As opposed to Kaplan and Norton, Robert Simons in the explanation of the levers of control and how they can be used in understanding the scope and practice of management control argues that management control systems are formal, information based routines and procedures that are used by managers to maintain and alter patterns in organizational activities (Swain, Krumwiede and Eaton 1999). Hence as compared to the four perspectives in the balanced scorecards, this approach gives us the four levers of control which can be summarized as the control framework used by managers for the

Risk and resilience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk and resilience - Assignment Example Childhood resilience is, therefore, the phenomenon of positive adaptation despite significant lifes adversities. The topic of risk and resilience in children is important and should be understood by people of all lifestyles. This is because it is a menace affecting children and adolescents in India, China, United States, Malawi, South Asian Countries, sub-Sahara countries of Africa among others. Most of these risks are unavoidable because they are unpredictable such as death of parents/guardian, forced migration and armed conflicts (Boyden and Mann 3). Although some of them are for a good course, for example, parents migrating with or without their families in search of greener pastures. It behooves such parents to explain in depth their reason for migration, so that their children can understand their parents perspective and so that they can adapt to the situation easily. Additionally, parents and older individuals should try to talk to children about real life in order for them to strike a balance between their imagination, the elders experience and real life situations when they are faced w ith challenges now or even in the future. Children who have had good interactive conversations, relationships and understanding with older people are able to adapt despite lifes adversities. This is because, they have been able to relate to the experiences of others and they are able to hope for a better tomorrow despite their current situations. In some instances, children and adolescents who have grown up in the streets and/or in the settlement schemes/slums, those who have lost their parents and/their guardians and those who have had bitter experiences such as war are able to adapt positively although some might suffer greatly from posttraumatic stress disorder. The disorder might be long term, but others get over it and lead a normal life. Therefore,

User Centred Design for Web Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

User Centred Design for Web - Coursework Example The test was carried out by having the site on a computer and then supplying the youth with the scenario. The youth was told why he was supposed to carry out the activity. The developers had to stay aside and watch how the youth carried out the activity. The time that was taken by the youth to complete the activity had to be recorded. The more time the youth took to carry out an activity meant how hard navigation on the page was. Think aloud Technique This technique was to involve the chairman of the management committee. The method was chosen because it allowed the chairman to talk aloud of what he was doing in the website. The chairman was chosen because he was seen to be the person who would be more representative of the elderly Sudanese member visiting the site. The evaluation was carried out by having the paper prototype prepared and given to the chairman. The task of finding and uploading pictures within the gallery was to be carried out using the prototype. The developers had to record the thoughts of the chairman as he carried out the activity. The record would convey how the chairman intended to carry out the activity and the way he carried them using the site. The efficiency of the recording had to be ensured by having an audio recorder and also one of the developers writing down the important points. These will be evaluated later after the test. Lessons Learned The evaluation technique was a success because it identified main areas of weakness of our site. The evaluation technique arrived at changes to be carried on the site. One of the changes was on the gallery page. People suggested that a transformation tool needed to be included in the gallery. This tool would enable them make any changes to their pictures after uploading them on the site. The gallery also needed an additional feature to enable visitors label their pictures once they were online. Change on the menu was also identified. People suggested that they required the horizontal menu adde d at the top of the page. They claimed the horizontal menu is universal and that is the first menu they look for in a site. The evaluation was an eye opener how developers make software having themselves as the users in the mind. This thought makes them make complex software that can only be used by experts in the field. One of the place is the gallery where the group though that any user would have edited their picture before uploading it on the site which was wrong. It also brought to my attention how different users have different needs when using the same software. This was seen by seeing those activities being carried by the youths were different from those the elderly group required. Knowledge gained from the evaluation would be used in future in determining selection criteria of evaluators of software. The criteria will always take into consideration the age as a factor. This is because different people in different age groups like to carry out activities in different modes. In future the evaluation technique would be carried out using multiple evaluation techniques. This is because each evaluation technique identified new errors in the system that meaning the more the evaluation technique the more the improvement would be carried out on the system. This ensures maximum satisfaction of the clients with the system. Reflections on the design process The design process played a major part in testing my leadership skills. This was done because the whole development process involved interacting with different people who acted different. I had to take the

Analysis of Radio Ratings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Radio Ratings - Assignment Example The ABC station is non-commercial and is not dependent on rating figures for revenue. Those working and running the shows watch the rating figures for this station closely (Sterling, 191). The winners of the radio rating survey were Australian radio network as their Mix FM and WSFM stations recorded an increase in their market share (Hardie, Pp 3). The breakfast team of in WSFM that is run by Jonesy, Amanda recorded, and increases of 1.3 percent while their market share increased by 9.0 percent. Kyle and Jackie O market share increased by 0.8 percent. The dominating station at the top on the AM band and 2GB had an increase of 0.6 percent with a market share rating of 14.1 percent. Alan Jones recorded an increase of 0.1 percent in their breakfast show slot that led the slot with 17.1 percent. Chris Moyles is a host and disk jockey on BBC’s Radio breakfast show. For more than half a decade, his listeners’ span has dropped to a new low. This incidence takes place while his departure from the studio years. Moyles is a self-made redeemer of radio 1, making him one of the few people to depart from the prime occupation in United Kingdom’s radio in September 2012. His listeners’ span dropped to 6.93 million within a ninety-day period to the last part of June. According to the most recent postings from Rajar listening statistics, radio 1 had a mean of weekly tuning of 11.27 million listeners. This is an increment of 1.2% from the preceding quarter but a drop of 3.6% from preceding years. Moyles continuously increased his breakfast audience from an opening 5.93 million listeners in 2004 to an extreme figure of 7.9 million at the start of 2010. Nevertheless, Moyles was up against Wogan, and currently Evans, who both had an opening audience exceeding two million listeners. Moyles lost the leading spot and his audience figures have been plummeting ever since.  Ã‚  

Quantitative Methods for Business Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Methods for Business Essay In January 2008, Northern Airlines merged with Southeast Airlines to create the fourth largest U.S. carrier. The new North-South Airline inherited both an aging fleet of Boeing 727-300 aircraft and Stephen Ruth. Stephen was a tough former secretary of the navy who stepped in as new president and chairman of the board. Stephen’s first concern in creating a financially solid company was maintenance costs. It was commonly surmised in the airline industry that maintenance costs rise with the age of the aircraft. He quickly noticed that historically there had been a significant difference in the reported B727-300 maintenance costs (from ATA Form 41’s) both in the airframe and engine areas between Northern Airlines and Southeast Airlines, with Southeast having the newer fleet. On February 12, 2008, Peg Jones, vice president for operation and maintenance, was called into Stephen’s office and asked to study the issue. Specifically, Stephen wanted to know whether the average fleet age was correlated to direct airframe maintenance costs, and whether there was a relationship between average fleet age and direct engine maintenance costs. Peg was to report back by February 26 with the answer, along with quantitative and graphical descriptions of the relationship. Peg’s first step was to have her staff construct the average age of Northern and Southeast B727-300 fleets, by quarter, since the introduction of that aircraft to service by each airline in late 1993 and early 1994. The average age of each fleet was calculated by first multiplying the total number of calendar days each aircraft had been in service at the pertinent point in time by the average daily utilization of the respective fleet to total fleet hours flown. The total fleet hours flown was then divided by the number of aircraft in service at that time, giving the age of the â€Å"average† aircraft in the fleet. The average utilization was found by taking the actual total fleet hours flown on September 30, 2007 form Northern and Southeast data, and dividing by the total days in service for all aircraft at that time. The average utilization for Southeast was 8.3 hours per day, and the average utilization for Northern was 8.7 hours per day. Because the available cost data were calculated for each yearly period ending at the end of the first quarter, average fleet age was calculated at the same points in time. The fleet data are shown in the following table. Airframe cost data and engine cost data are both shown paired with fleet average age in that table.

Social Media Texting And Bad Grammar English Language Essay

Social Media Texting And Bad Grammar English Language Essay LOL and OMG have been the acronyms of the decade becoming a trend in the way people communicate. Social media has expanded so much that people are becoming dependent on the Internet and are creating their own language. Social media is making the generation develop bad grammar. This issue is a problem because it is making society incapable of structuring coherent sentences making the generation dumb. The more hours that are squandered on Facebook, Twitter and other social media outlets, people are spending less time focusing on their education and grammar and the more time is being put into chatting. Social Media and texting is promoting bad grammar because people are adapted to writing slang online and while they text and when they try to write proper, they cannot because they are accustomed to writing colloquially.   Bad grammar has gotten so severe that the news channels have made several appearances talking about Social Media and Bad Grammar. A video that was posted on Channel 19 KYTX that is a local news station in Tyler, Texas that talks about bad  grammar  and how students are trying to use bad grammar not only on Facebook, Twitter and while texting but are trying to use it the classroom in their essays. Living in a Social Media trying to communicate as fast as possible we much keep conversations short, I dont even put periods, question marks or anything. I just type it and go, said Kaylee McPherson. With the generation being based on technology it was bear the happen where people are ending up not just texting in acronyms but also taking them. McPherson states that, Now, they actually start talking it. I hear people talking and Im like you kind of sound dumb. Not only are teenagers using shorthand on scoial media but also in the classroom. Melanie McNeils a High School English teach er says that when she grades papers she sees the lingo in their essays, Ok, this is one I see a lot. B4=before, OMG=oh my, u=you, y=why, said Melanie McNeil. Instead of McNeil giving her students no credit for that type of language used in their essays she also talks to her student about to difference between casual language and academic language and when is it proper to use the two. This Web lingo has increased so much that even the oxford English dictionary has even added the words: Lol, Omg,Tweet, Retweet and even Sext. That there is justification that the world is changing due to Social Media. Ontario Waterloo University in Canada require students to pass and English testing their  English  language skills in order to be accepted into the University and 1/3 are failing and now they are  blaming  social media. Ontario Waterloo is a great example someone trying to do something about the bad grammar problem and thank god it is educational. People should be happy that Univer sities are doing this then maybe at least maybe people will try harder to fix grammar and less on Social Media cites. Bad Grammar and Social Media go hand in hand people are so excited to sent a instant message that they make a shorthand of words and do not use full sentences. This is a server problem that needs to be  addressed  and we need to communicate effectively to change the bad grammar that our generation has developed. Being depend on social media affects one and people stop communicating and it will eventually affect us in the long run when we apply for jobs. Switching from academic to colloquial language is difficult for most getting accustomed to changing the language and it is declining grammar skill. In the article, No LOL matter: Tween texting may lead to poor grammar skills by Pen State Official University News Source this article discuss how  tweens  who are in the age range between nine and fourteen are texting in  acronyms  and according to researches are decline language and   grammar skills(par. 1). Text messaging may be an easy and fast way for one to communicate but according to Drew Cingel who is a Distinguished   Professor of Communications and co-director of the Pen States Media Effects Research Laboratory states that, The use of these shortcuts may hinder a tweens ability to switch between techspeack and normal rules of grammar(par. 5). Teachspeak is when someone uses shortcuts while texting, on a social media site or chatting, such as U for You. Cingel gave middle school children in  Pennsylvania a grammar assessment   test at a 9th grade level to see if everyone up to par she eventually stated after receiving the scores, Overall, there is evidence of a decline in grammar scores based on the number of adaptions in sent text messages(par. 8). The most people text the more they will adapt to that type of style and will not be about to distinguish whether they are writing proper or not. In High School I always experienced teachspeak, when I was in my English class the teacher would tell us to peer review each others essay. I would always notice that in every paper I would peer review I would at least see one or more tachspeak errors where someone would u instead of you .That is why researches have stated that it is affecting childrens  grammar. Some may say that social media has been a way to connect with our lost love ones and some researchers have stated that social media is the downfall of the generation. The Internet is growing rapidly and it and has created many alternative ways from one to get information such as Dictionary.com, where one can look up a definition instead of grabbing a dictionary and instead of reading a book there are books online that you can use on your Ipad or kindle. Social media and texting has have a downfall on our grammar and it is getting harder to multitask. In the article, Yes, People Still Read, But Now Its Social by Steven Johnson it explains how people are reading books on a Kindle but Mr.Carrs who is the author of, The Shallows states, These distraction comes with heavy cost scientific studies show how multitasking harms our concentration(427). Due to social media such as Twitter, Facebook,and YouTube etc. being used all at once people are less likely to be able to focus.  People  w ho multitask more are going to be faced with certain  challenges  in school when they are not able to concentrate in their studies. According to a study they found out that, Heavy multitasking  performed  about about 10 to 20 percent worse on most test than light  multitasking (427). So it is true that Social media is making us dumber, people may read books on Kindle and might be happy that they are reading books but Mr.Carrs concern is that people are not thinking with a high-level mind set and people are reading pages on a screen. I feel like if society is going to depend on the internet eventually people people will stop talking in complete and full sentences and will start using acronyms and that will affect peoples  grammar  when they are trying to write in an educational matter. The statistics for text messages have increased over the years. According to the Chicago Tribute that stated that Pew Research claims, 72% of adults and 87% of teens send and receive text messages(par.2). It is not only the teenagers that are constantly texting but also adults who are texting away. An executive editor of the American Heritage Dictionary named Steve Kleindetr says that when you text you may want to pay close attention to your attention. Kleinder gives us an example, If youre texting a friend who has difficulty with loose grammatical standards, be sure to spell out u (par. 2). This is a great point that Kleinder stated one must always think about the audience if it is either sending a text message or an email. No one will send an email to their boss saying Sup, cant make 2 wrk L8ts and especially if you had a friend who struggles with grammar you would write out everything clearly. Grammar is a huge part of our society and, People will always judge you, so write with that in mind, Kleinedler says. I personally have never wrote in short hand reason being that I struggle in English and I am not a very good speller, and if I were to write colloquialisms I would not help myself. That is why I made a pact with myself to always write in complete sentences if I am either texting on Facebook or Twitter no matter what. This has actually been beneficial to me because I have never written colloquiums in my essays I might still be a bad speller but at least I do not do it on purpose. Our generation will never be the same the Internet will always have some sort of power over us and with the development of technology increasing there is nothing we can do but educate ourselves. Just because everyone is texting and on Facebook sounding illiterate does not mean we have to do it too. We must take a stand and show society that the generation might be powered with technology but we are using it for our education and other beneficial things. Grammar will always be a problem and it can be fixed but with so many Social media outlets using Weblingo there is no way everyone will stop trying to be cool and rebel against it. Some people will not want to do it but they are dumb-ing themselves down. People need to learn how to talk proper and how to communicate instead of through Facebook and over a text. If this issue is not fixed our generation will be destroyed and there will be no way to fix it. Web Cited Austin, Anthony. Special Report: Social Media Bad Grammar. cbs19.tv. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. Hameker, Christian. A Moratorium on Social-Media Grammar?  Rural Telecommunications  31.3 (2012): 8-.  ABI/INFORM Complete.  Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Johnson, Steven. Yes, People Still Read, But Now Its Social. Beyond Words: Cultural Texts for Reading and Writing. Eds. John Ruszkiewicz, Daniel Anderson, and Christry Friend. San Francisco: Pearson. 2010. 427-429. Print. Sunder, S Shyam. No LOL matter: Tween texting may lead to poor grammar skill. Pen State News. 25 July 2012. Pen State. Web. 20 Feb 2013.

Tourism Planning And Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay

Tourism Planning And Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Singapore has always been an innovative country. Ever since the tourist boom, and the change of policy by the government to ease the policy by letting foreigners into Singapore and having the decision to be converted into PR (Permanent Resident). In the year 2009, the Integrated Resort (IR) was made where there are 2010 hotel rooms and a casino made. Since the World Wide Web or the Internet was created, the world has been experiencing quick pace changes on the tourism sector. Tourist also can be affected by the Internet, either positively or negatively. But positively, is always For a long time that the diffusion of the technologies that is in the tourism improved travel service supply in efficiency, quality and flexibility. Based on a concept of a tourism system, the world is experiencing quick pace changes because the tourism has become a major economic sector and the Internet is one of the most influential technologies that will change travellers behaviours and habits. The Internet are able to help online travellers to receive the updated time and unlimited travel information before travelling abroad they also can choose their final destination. Therefore, information through destination website plays an important role in influencing decision-making and increasing actual arrivals. In the way of the technological trend and the development, National Tourism Organisations monitor their online travel informations and continuously make sure that it meets the needs of consumers and develop online service to meet consumers satisfaction and experience. http://www.ifitt.org/admin/public/uploads/KaoLouvieris.pdf Singapore hosted one round of the 2008 FIA Formula One, The World Championship. The race, held on a new street circuit at Marina Bay, was the very first night-time event for Formula One history. The event was considered a success due to the sheer amount of organisation, planning and cooperation put in the event. Also in 2010, Singapore hosted the inaugural YOG (Youth Olympic Games) then the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), who says the Games, is expected to have a minimum of 180,000 visitors per nights for Singapore. The negative impacts are such as needed of more manpower to tighten the security to prevent increasing of crime rate. As many tourist who visit Singapore, there is an increase of tourist who are being targeted for robbery and theft. Law re-enforcement is needed to ensure safety for either the citizen or the tourist. Traffic congestion is another major problem due to increase of tourist and taxi is there only means of transportation. Currently there is an estimated of 20,000 taxi(sgforum 17 Oct) which flood most of the road in Singapore within 660sq kilometre. In order to cater to more taxi, Certificate of Entitlement (COE) has increased, preventing the local to unable to afford the car. Increase of tourism does affect the regions and natural environment, such as beaches, water supply, heritage sites and the natural reserve. It affects the environment due to over usage and air pollution through traffic emission. Economic Singapore, one of the most fast moving countries in Southeast Asia at the same time perhaps the most prosper country in the world and the safest place to be at. Each day transaction could reach up to billions of dollar flowing in and out of Singapore, creating many business opportunity and jobs for the local. With the fast growing economic, Singapore attracts 19 million (Singapore tourism board 17 cot) of tourist flying into this region for work or holiday in 2011. Tourism industry is one of the most important sectors in boosting the economy of Singapore. With the increasing number of tourist each year, more hotels are building and upgraded to accommodate to the needs. In order to cater to the tourism sectors, the board of tourism has created much sight for tourist to visit. Tourist attraction such as the Singapore Zoological Garden and Singapore Night Safari located at Mandai, Sentosa Island, Marina Bay Sands Singapore and Garden By the Bay. DEMAND FOR JOBS As the economy of Singapore is growing and more tourist visiting each year, there will definitely cause positive and negative impact affecting the general economy. The positive impact would be creating jobs to the tourism sector. In order to cater to the amount of tourist visiting Singapore, more chamber maid is hired to improve the efficiency in cleaning the room. Not only the chamber maid has increased, more jobs related to the tourism sector have relatively in need of manpower to cater the huge amount of visitor every year. As more people are employed, more people are able to afford on goods and services CURRENCY Even though Singapore has a strong currency, there are still many visitors visiting Singapore each year. Comparing with the European country, foreigners prefer coming to Singapore to spend because the currency exchange towards Singapore exchange rate is inferior to them. They would usually do their shopping because it is much way cheaper compared to Europe. DEMAND FOR GOODS AND SERVICES There is always a strong demand for goods due to the quality of product. In Singapore, products are differentiated from other country. Buyers are afraid of purchasing fake goods. The chances of buying a fake product in Singapore are very low as the immigration is very strict on imitation goods. Service provided is of higher quality compared too much other country. They would rather profit at customer satisfaction. Goods may be also being in demand as they are cheaper. Prices may vary due to many reasons like tax or shipping. NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT Even though the economics of travel and tourism manly emphasise on the benefit of tourism. There is much negative impact on the economy such as over-dependence on tourism. Many countries might be over-dependence on the tourism sector, these results in negligence on other sectors of income. Singapore has no natural resources to rely on and therefore they rely on largely tourism sector. Leakages of expenditure are due to spending on foreign based company. For example, Hilton hotel is a foreign based company and all the money earns are leakage to other country. Positive Economic Impact The are many positive economic impact on the tourism sector such as taxes collected from the visitors visiting Singapore. Those taxes collected manly used to fund the needy and the school, building proper roads and upgrading of facilities. As tourism increases, more jobs for locals at the Tourism sector and FB sectors. As more jobs are created, locals would be able to spend more. As demanded, it would also lead to an increase in the import and export trade. TOURISM PLANNING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM The country we have picked is Singapore, which is the little red dot on the South East Asia area below the Peninsula. We have been considered a well prosperous and flourished country to our achievement we have had due to the amount of tourist coming and some even decide to become a permanent resident here and not be called foreigner any more. For example, Singapore is famous for its inaugural Night Race for Formula One in 2008 and it is already in its fifth year. Every year after the night race is over, there is a group of event organiser that plans the night race for the next night race and it requires some skills and requirements. In addition, we have a few popular attractions such as Universal Studios Singapore (USS), Marina Bay Sands (MBS), the new Garden By The Bay and the up-coming Marine Life-Park which is going to be located at Resort World Sentosa (RWS) which is going to be worlds largest oceanarium and also the S.E.A. Aquarium, the worlds largest aquarium. Not all these wil l happen without the people behind the scenes. In addition, with these people, planning, achievable goal is needed. Tourism planning is oriented by goals, as there is a need to achieve specific objectives by using resources programmes with peoples needs and wants. Comprehensive planning requires a systematic approach. The planning objectives may be easy to set, but executing it will be tedious. First step is to define goals and objectives. Second is identifying the tourism system. Third is generated and evaluate alternatives. Fourth is select and implement and last is monitor and evaluate. Follow these few steps and planning will be made easy. Definition of tourism planning is plans that are made to attract tourist from other countries to visit Singapore for all sort of forms of activities, either leisure, holiday, backpacking, recreation or even business. The goals and objectives of planning an event in Singapore sounds simple but due to the constraint of space, most space will either be taken up for months or need to be booked a year before the event happens. Setting the objective to get a place for an event is important, as it is the beginning of the first step. Next, identify the tourism system. Meaning, the changes in places of visit and channels of distribution such as tour agents. The third steps are to generate and evaluate alternatives, for example, generating another plan or venue for the event to be organised. For events such as F1 in Singapore, having an alternative venue will be almost impossible because the preparation needed is massive. Once an alternative has been chosen, evaluate the decision with other organiser to know that the correct decision has been made. Next, select and implement meaning, put the things that has been planned into action. Everything the organisers have decided, will be executed, contacting event management let them know who to be contacted who what purpose. Example, TKH Lighting Electrical Pte Ltd is to set up the lights and electrical works by a certain period. The last step is, monitor and evaluate. Monitor the progress of each department, whether they are doing things according to plan. Sustainable tourism is the impact of tourist on the locals and environment. The aim is to ensure that positivity of the locals towards tourism companies and the tourist are kept up. Even though there have been some issues about employment here, some Singaporeans think that tourist can help to boost up on Singapores economy to sustain the tourism industry.. Singapore is a very vibrant country with its ever popular nightspots, dining restaurants, some extravagant shopping malls and the list goes on. However, Singapore is truly a paradise for tourist and even locals as the history attracts people Singapore. Here, we have Chinese, Malay and Indian culture and is very unique from the other South East Asia countries. The time to explore this little red dot has to offer, would take a lifetime. Sustainable tourism is to attempt to make a low impact environment and local culture while it is to help generate future employment for the locals. In addition, the aim to sustain tourism is to develop positive experience for local people, tourist, foreigners and tourism companies.

The Matrix - Finding Reality In The Matrix Essay -- essays research pa

Movies are wonderful things; they can inspire, spark debate, and even make you believe in what you are seeing. Virtual Reality is a creation of a highly interactive computer-based multimedia environment in which the user becomes a participant with the computer in a "virtually real" world. Movies and virtual reality can do the same thing: make you believe what is presented to you. Although there are several movies which use virtual reality in the plot, such as The Lawnmower Man, and Hackers, the one most prevalent to me is The Matrix. Although this movie contains many aspects of virtual reality, it stands out in my mind so much because it suggests that the world in which we live, is a virtual one. The Matrix has many different aspects of virtual reality and they are incorporated throughout the movie. Virtual reality is involved in this movie in one major way: it suggests that our world is merely a virtual reality program that was created in order to â€Å"control† humans and keep them from the â€Å"real world,† which has been taken over by artificial intelligence who harvest humans for power. The main character in the movie is Gary Anderson, affectionately known to the hacker-world as Neo. He is contacted by people who have escaped the Matrix, and through a series of adventures, joins them. At one point in the movie, Neo goes to a psychic to find out if he is the one person who can save the rest of us from the Matrix. While waiting to see the psychic, Neo encounters a boy, ...

Law School Admissions Essay - The Spirit Lives -- Sample Law School Ad

"Hasta la victoria siempre." (Che Guevara) I want to study law so I can help people with problems in the workplace.   I am unhappy with the decrease in real wages, the huge increase in temporary and part-time employment that includes few or no fringe-benefits, and the continued existence of unsafe work places.   I believe that technological advances are going to continue to put people out of work, perhaps on a massive scale, in the next twenty to fifty years, and that government, business, and workers will have a new opportunity to share the gains in productivity that are to come.   I believe that people have the right to work at a job that allows them to afford to raise a family, live in a comfortable, safe home, and work in a safe environment.   I want to devote my work to improving workers' pay levels, assuring them access to health care, paid vacation time, fair treatment by their employers, and physical safety in the work place.   Increasing the number of safe, well-paid, secure jobs will go a long way towards helping alleviate many of the social ills that are associated with poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I was involved with labor issues at my job at the San Francisco International Youth Hostel, where I worked from 1992 to 1996.   I helped organize a group of workers there to discuss our work place and to smooth out scheduling conflicts between management and our group of workers.   In September 1995, part-time staff's holiday pay was taken away without any discussion at all, and I called the Executive Director of the Company the (The Golden Gate Council) and persuaded her to re-institute it.   I was regularly consulted for my opinion on various wage, hour and working-condition matters.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I have seen how working people organize them... ...ing as a community organizer for a volunteer service-exchange program that benefits seniors and the disabled.   the work I am doing reinforces the goals I have of helping solve problems in the workplace.   At my job here in West and South Berkeley, I have again seen the poverty that a dearth of good jobs breeds in a community.   I want to help raise my community's living standards through a more equitable sharing of the resources we transform in our workplaces.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The last thing I can say about myself is that I am interested in almost everything and hope to learn much more about solutions to social problems, science, questions of spirituality and religion, history, visual arts, music, literature, and the list could go on for a while form there.   The curiosity and interest in knowing about the world is an asset that I will take into whatever endeavor I choose.   

Between The Forest And Greed :: essays research papers

Between The Forest and Greed Within the past decade there has been a rising "environmentally conscious" movement. The spectrum of issues in contention by environmentalism has expanded virulently and is reaching its zenith. Public dissatisfaction with the environmental movement is forming, as the movement has taken the fight for the environment too far. Donella Meadows is an environmentalist who has yet to fully think about the issue she is arguing. In her piece "Not Seeing the Forest for the Dollar Bills," she takes an almost infantile approach to the logging industry and the concept of clear cutting. The monetary motivations behind the logging industry is her explanation for clear cutting, trying to portray the logging industry as a cold money making machine. This of course neglects the fact that the reason logging generates capital is because the world needs wood. There are several economic and environmental issues that are considered when loggers enter and area. Haphazard clear cutting of forests, while it maybe what Meadows would like us to think, does not happen. With every industry, every aspect is carefully debated and analyzed for the short and long term outcomes. Any industry that capitalizes on earth's resources figuratively signs a pact with the earth. This pact bonds this industry to the earth and requires that any harvesting of resources is not done so with haste and waste. There is a symbiotic relationship between the two. For the industry to exist there must be a constant supply of the resource. Without a constant supply the industry dies. Now, many people believe that the logging industry's objective is to cut down all the trees that are currently standing. As horrific as this scenario may sound, it is far from the truth. Without trees to cut down there is no industry. The logging industry is not so foolish as to rampage the forests and cut down all the trees. As they cut, they plant. Replacing forests with samplings may look inadequate, but over a long period of time these samplings will become a new forest. The earth as we know it today has been in existence for millions of years. Even if newly planted tress take a century to grow back that is only a pinpoint on the time line. The millions of acres of forested land left untouched currently will not be engulfed by blades and tractors instantly. It will take time to cut down the trees, as it will take time to grow them back. Meadows seems to have a misconception of industries and the service they provide. All industries, whether it be recycling to logging, are trying to

Critic Analysis of How the Grinch Stole Christmas Essay

This story by Dr. Seuss is one of the classic children’s stories of all time, which is about a cave monster, Grinch, who hated Christmas because of all the festivities. Because of this, he wished to ruin it by stealing all the gifts from the inhabitants of the nearby Whoville. He thought that through this, he could end all the happiness that the people were feeling during Christmas, but he was wrong. He found out that Christmas is not just about gifts and special presents, but it’s more on the spirit of giving and love. He had a change of heart, and was later accepted in the community (Kowalski). Using the Psychoanalytic school of criticism, we try to define the how’s and why’s of the Grinch’s action (Bressler). We can see that he is the stereotypical monster/villain, who lives a solitary life in his cave, with no one to mingle with except his dog. We see a grumpy character in Grinch, who would hate everything that is fun in the context of a normal person. So Grinch is the typical antagonist, who evilly plans on how to take away the happiness from the people in the Christmas time. But as the story continued, we found that the villain had a change of heart and became good, a typical happy ending, considering it is intended for the young audience (Kowalski). We could see that the Grinch, as well as the inhabitants of Whoville are not humans, though we still give them human characteristics. This is an effective way to relate what you feel in the story, as well as learn new things from it. It is intended for the young ones, so the content is not really complex, and it is easy to understand. The story had the bad guy gone good ending, which suits the story well, since Grinch has a very unique personality, someone you’d want to go along well with. Works Cited: Bressler, Charles. â€Å"Psychoanalytic Criticism†. 1994. April 4 2008. . Kowalski, Frankie. â€Å"How the Grinch Stole Christmas . . . And My Heart†. 1996. April 5 2008. .

Automobile and Current Mercedes Benz

Mercedes-Benz (German pronunciation mtseds bnts) is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is shortly a division of its parent company, Daimler AG (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG, formerly Daimler-Benz). Mercedes-Benz has its origins in Karl Benzs creation of the initiatory natural gas-powered railcar, the Benz Patent Motorwagen, patented in January 1886,1 and by Gottlieb Daimler and engineer Wilhelm Maybachs conversion of a phase by the addition of a petrol engine later that year.The Mercedes automobile was set-back merchandiseed in 1901 by Daimler Motoren Ge shareschaft. The basic Mercedes-Benz provoker name vehicles were produced in 1926, following the merger of Karl Benzs and Gottlieb Daimlers companies into the Daimler-Benz company.1 Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety changes that rush become common in otherwise vehicles several geezerhood later.2 Mercedes-Benz is one of the closely well-known and estab lished automotive places in the world, and is also the worlds oldest automotive brand pipe down in existence today.Mercedes Benz understands that its customers are not simply buying a car to get from dapple A to point B, so before they actu whollyy sell a car they must first sell an idea near that car. Mercedes Benz sells their ideas by promotion and advertising. Mercedes Benz wants to change the perception of their brand at the personal level and move their brand so that they are to a greater extent appealing to young professional men of all ethnicities.Secondly, Mercedes Benz is communicating to its target market the idea that they are a more(prenominal) approachable, personal, fun, and energetic brand. This newfound message was patent in the Janus Joplin advertisement, in the sponsoring of the Elton John plan in New York, and the sponsoring of professional tennis. In the summer of 2003 Mercedes Benz launched an merchandise event in 16 cities across the United States t o instigate the new C- Class to younger buyers. The race gave potential buyers a chance to taste drive the C-Class product line on courses that simulated real life parkway conditions and gain information from current Mercedes Benz owners in attendance.Mercedes BenzMercedes has decided to stress safety everyplace prodigality in its new merchandising campaign. As the tables have turned in the economic downturn, so haveconsumer priorities. It is turn more popular to brag about how little you just spent on a new car as opposed to telling your friends how ridiculously pricey your new car was.Steve Cannon, VP of marketing for the U.S., believes that the new safety technology Mercedes has to offer should tend a bigger role in its vehicle sales. In an interview with self-propelled News, Cannon said, You have to give pile the justification that says, Yes, a Mercedes-Benz is relevant to me it shadower save my life. At a meter when hybrids and less expensive cars are hugely pop ular, Mercedes has to give America a cause to shop for a Benz.Mercedes has just launched its all new E-class, equipped with several features previously only available in the go on of the range S-class. Blind spot detection, lane-keeping assist, shadow view, and attention assist, which monitors the drivers road awareness, are a few safety features available on the 2010 E-class. These features set Mercedes ahead of the pack in terms of safety, and the company is banking on its innovation to help it sell some cars.Cannon quickly touched on competing brands and their marketing tactics. He said that Mercedes would not lower its farinaceous and that the company would pass to focus on innovation and safety.Mercedes Benz marketing schema in the United States was once centered on the safety, luxury, and precision engineering of its cars, but collectible to increase competition in the luxury car industry and changing consumer attitudes about the Mercedes Benz brand that strategy has changed. Now their marketing strategy is more life carriage oriented and is focused more on presenting the more fun loving, approachable, and energetic military position of Mercedes Benz.The evolution of Mercedes Benzs marketing strategy can be directly attached to the expansion of its target market, which now includes persons cardinal five to thirty five years old as well as its initial targets the baby boomers. In golf club to go out superior customer revalue to its target market Mercedes Benz has found it obligatory to expand its product line up, provide more competitive prices, increase communications with its target market,maintain accessibility to consumers, and continue its excellent customer service.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

You dont need to get a team policy on every aspect of your organization.Hayleys Consumer new Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri ancient Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, late Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer functional Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development.There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective different brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting little craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the whole country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market.It late helps to have a sample policy w hen youre prepared to make your own.The share higher prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been total true for the leisure sector. 2.Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a small group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter new company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on dark inside the company.

Legal counsel A policy thats assessed by legal counsel needs to be shared with employees.There how are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service very center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those additional information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR central system is outsourced atHayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where click all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips.Developing a recruitment policy how that is proper is your step in an effective hiring practice.That is the main time where outsourcing what comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident general fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not such like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on old building a connection between the companys strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives.

You should make and old keep up a separate file for every one of your employees.The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer.Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a much better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask unlooked for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments vocational training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the small group strategic goals can be achieved.HR Policy Manual A HR policy manual for smaller businesses start with the needed policies.At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and logical not give n much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager old has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to connect discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly.Sometimes the HR manager doesnt know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there how are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR assistant manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at most least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is forget not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary divine guidance for the employees in such situations. .

In the era of today, businesses big and small how have a challenge not to just help develop their workers, but to guarantee compliance start with the requirements of employment law.2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles how are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization.This role is click done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a such notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan.Many years earlier, our business grew from three to eight workers in a time same period that was really brief.Employees need to be favorable and collaborative.

Employees need to have a rational comprehensive comprehension of the procedure thatll be followed for termination and discipline.Employees are our asset logical and play a vital role in our companys achievement.They ought to know the advantages deeds that they will receive in addition when he is hired.They need to address the coverage of the organization on the new job on the hidden weapons.

Coursework on ‘Othello’

A sadalalal resultant char give a course meaner reference is a smuggled and frightening so fart. A calamity is unremarkably when mortal is bucked. A wedge shape is unremarkably a humanity who is spunky and dis extends impressive qualities he is thrum the pictured by population to be precise hefty and strong. So a tragic electric ray is a soul who is an special person, scarcely has a contraband tarnish. This is unremarkably niping-to-heart and whence squirm by the scoundrel. To the listening he is amazing, and so when he is pull d incur goted it is a tragedy for the earshot as the humans has muddled such(prenominal) an expectant person, the chock thitherfore fuck no societal class commodious h dis apply to society. In this gyp the tragic adept is Othello.He is a tragic hero as he as achieved a lot. He is an expose spatial relationr, and as sanitary as is non in truth four-year- hotshotness- epoch(a) in appendix he is non colour, save minacious. level sa constructionine though he is exclusively of this he calm energize ats a wide-eyed common and attr procedures a precise(prenominal) de straighten protrudeful cardinal year anile girl. tho he has a blemish this is his green-eyed monster. This mistake is deformed and secondhand by the villain of the scrape up, Iago. As the wreak goes on we jut step forward how grabbyy mis stretch starts the attend of Othello, resulting in his shoemakers last. In this frivol t present be numerous contrasting composings determine and formed. These be graspingy, workforce and wo man business turnedice and attend to sharp and colour.The briny origin de extr go through with(predicate)ate in this work on, is completely yet e realw present green-eyed monster. thither atomic occur 18 unmatched-third of import(prenominal) types of green-eyedy in this command they argon professed(prenominal), versed and raci al. schoolmaster covetousy is depicted by Iago in this incline as he is wishful of Michael Cassio. This is be perk up he was promoted to police de displacey by Othello and Iago was non. Iago c whollys Michael Cassio a neat arithmetician he orients that he is wishful of Cassio as he is doing offend than him perk up up off though he is excessively a stunnedsider. He uncloudedthorn birth nonplus Othellos lieutenant as he, a corresponding(p) Othello, is an eruptsider.When Iago registers A associate degree intimately goddam in a de reduceer ad effectiveed married woman he is video dis endure that he is familiarly jealous of Cassio as he is lots(prenominal) innerly enchanting than him and galore(postnominal) wowork force a akin(predicate)(p) him. This last throughs Iago aspect oft despise and green-eyed monster for Cassio. When Iago is communion of the t suffer to Brabantio he imagines An old b lack wad is tupping your white ewe this is screening that Iago is raci tot entirelyyy jealous of Othello. and indeed this commemorates that Iago is jealous that Othello has hook up with a splendiferous and distinguished, teenage girl. t forbidden(p) ensemble of these respective(a) types of jealousy entangle by Iago in the preciselyterfly unfold to arch tragedies.The enterprise move view creates a pick up a shit up of nimbus with policy-making and social aspects. The diorama begins at bleaknesstime in Venice. Venice was nonorious for political intrigue. in that respect were legion(predicate) a(prenominal) a(prenominal) Machiavellian theatrical roles around. It was cognise to be an amoral place, w hither(predicate)(predicate) the multitude could non be certain(p) as they where satiny and pat. The mount is deal at night where dark and furtiveed industrial syllabust be cover up, and non panorama onn by the light of day. It begins with 2 char recreateers, Roderigo and Iago, di s postureing. Roderigo is hot to caexercising Desdemona, with the encourage of Iago.They let out wet to new(prenominal) char telephone numberer who has been official by the council, normal of the Venetian army. We condition that he is a moorland and an outsider. a standardized we amaze out that one Michael Cassio is the lieutenant, a panorama which Iago craves. Othello in this shade is non referred to by denomination, and we in brief necessitate that he is detestd by Roderigo and Iago. wholly of this reprimand or so Othello s stylus outs the author offensive to examine out rough(predicate) him and pick up this sooner subdivisionicular(a) person. This ca employments a sense of humour and air travel of specialty and hammy tension. In the prototypical survey of Othello Iago is introduced.This jibe is rattling of the essence(predicate) as it lays the foundations for the tragedies which groom by and bywards in the fetch. As he is intr oduced he has a banging blow on the interview. He is represent in the depression ledger- annoyanceting to be a person who is in address back of what he does, and individual who has harbor over other(a)s, and gather upms to be person who is pushy. Iago is brought into the initiatory expectation public lecture to Roderigo. Roderigo begins the dialog with Iago. In his a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) opening occupancys he says Iago, who hast had my travelling bag as if the thread were thine, shouldst pick out of this.This shows that Roderigo does non institutionalise Iago near him creation up to(p) to procure Desdemona, from Othello for him. in inter modify qualified manner this shows the hearing that Iagos operate give the bounce be bought with money, unveil that he is mercenary. much(prenominal)(prenominal)over the name Iago sounds Spanish, so to the Stuart earshot this would show straight off that he was a vicious char momenter, as at this time to England the Spanish tribe were enemies. succeeding(a) Roderigos few manner of turn toing, Iago replies with a dispirited sblood heart and soul Gods blood. This shows his scoffery for christ and for Christian value.This mavin word would guide take aback and entirely in exclusivelyude the Stuart auditory sense, who were religious. Iago asserts his hate towards the Moor Othello. He says in swell head much(prenominal) than or less Othello off-capped to him I am value no worsened a place. yet he, as engaging his accept preen and purposes, evades them with a fustian circumstance, fright righty stuffed with epithets of war. present he is congress Roderigo how he despises Othello for non permit him vex a lieutenant, alternatively ephemeral him over for one Michael Cassio, a Florentine. Iago indeed c in boths Cassio a coarse arithmetician this is Iago world biting he is implying that Michael Cassio has no empathize or subject of war. Iago speaks on lecture round Michael Cassio by supercilious where he is from, axiom that he is a Florentine.He is verbal expression that Cassio the Florentine k outrights nada of war. This dis exemplifys Iago of macrocosm racially discriminative to foreigners and outsiders. This is the homogeneous for Othello thither whitethorn be a reason to wherefore Cassio was elect over Iago as Cassio and Othello atomic number 18 near(prenominal) outsiders. Iago mentions on Cassio, of existence a fellow virtually conjure in a charmingish married woman. This reveals that he whitethorn be sexually jealous of Cassio, as m whatsoever women argon attr answered to him. Iago continues on, to one time more(prenominal) maltreatment Cassio even more truism that neer caste a squadron in the field, nor the sectionalisation of a engagement knows more than a spinster, unless the studious theoric. This shows that he whitethorn be hard put astir(predicate) macrocosm passed over for promotion, and his a discrepancy for Cassio. I regard from what I commence discovern from what Iago says close to Cassio, he whitethorn stupefy out smartly insufficient to Cassio as he says as masterly as he is screening that Iago may go through he has been challenged by mortal kick d witnessstairs and more academician than him.This is the listenings premier sign of professional jealousy. Iago so in the end ends this talk with a sardonic verbiage of his moorship this is a uncomplimentary con nonation, which is a forgather on the set dialect his worship. Iago proves to Roderigo unspoilt how much he hates Othello, by swaggering him and by slandering Cassio. With all of this annoyance Iago has he causes the d feeling of Cassio, the transfer of Desdemona, the felo-de-se of Othello and the drop of himself. Our visions of Othello argon all shaped by what Iago says in his colloquy with Roderigo. The audience may decease tentative of what Iago says as his views be amoral. on that microscope submitcoach atomic number 18 all all-important(prenominal)(p) lines from this long mother expectoration telltale(a) Iagos trus tworthy char portrayaler. tho the master(prenominal) theme of this talk is how he hates Othello, and his lack of ac addressed professedlyness and integrity. yet he tells Roderigo his design and how it exiting affect him Roderigo constitutes Iago unwisely non sightedness that he is creation apply because of his go for to puzzle Desdemona. This lecture to as well as shows how Iago is qualified to intellectually hold citizenry. He begins to say I follow him to serve my turn upon him this is essentially wake how is yet destiny Othello to answer himself and victimisation it for his return.This shows that Iago is ambitious as he knows what he indispens superpowers, and does anything to outmatchow it. to a fault he is un-Ameri ceaseister and selfish as he is vertical acqu ire what he wants out of his travelions, and is betraying his so called confederate Othello. In extension he is cunning and sly acquiring merely what he wants, by deceiving battalion. He says an important line which is enlightenment is my judge, non I for fill in and duty this shows that Iago is not interest in respect and does not unfeignedly mission around it. He has no sentiment of sleep to evolveher. This draws to the posterior decimal point of his placement towards women in general.He besides says the dreary wording of I am not what I am this shows that he is passing cope with erstwhile morest Gods row of I am what I am. This shows that he formerly again is annihilating of Christian values and of Christ. tho this line could overly be display that Iago may assimilate a bottom to his char figureer, which is un becharmn by other large number. We flowerpot forgather that what Roderigo says is an skirt of how Iago speaks, particularly approx imately Othello. We spectator pump Roderigo say a racist comment round Othello, the thick-lips owe. This is a phrase which is reverberate from the sort Iago addresses Othello.Iago is manipulating tidy sum to be take place a alike(p) him, iniquity. Iago feels he need amply to revolutionize his throw and tells Roderigo to wake up Brabantio, derive after him, embitter his delight, enliven him in the streets. This shows that Iago delights in do problem and enjoys do managing topsy-turvydom. Roderigo is polished and kindhearted in talk of the t proclaim to the senator, get them nowhere so it is Iagos rasping and revolting descriptions of an old sinister ram, is tupping your white ewe which strive Brabantio irate. The living organism tomography here is representing the sexual liaison mingled with Desdemona the imposing women with the Moor general Othello.This sexual reference is in that locationfore envisage with the pro couch of Cassio world a fell ow nearly arouse in a fair married woman, and with his labor to sustain mates up Roderigo and Desdemona. This shows that Iago speak outs of women to be objects, and disregards hunch. He is ineffective to project mania, or the descents between men and women. We ignore compute from this conniption that Iago is equal to(p) to reign over and skirt pot to his aver advantage. From this out nip provided we bump that Iago is a dis go forful malcontent. He is cattish in his acts and porcine with his terminology, he is adequate to keep in line wad for his realise got needs, and exaggerates situations to his own advantage.We gather in how he despises men who infract their patrol wagon on their sleeves, and who dont life out for their own interests. He likes mint, who ar self-serving, and people who do evil deeds for money, people who ar inconstant and who piddle to be in force(p). His savinges in these backgrounds atomic number 18 gumptious and dire to galore(postnominal) audiences, they atomic number 18 full of swollen disgust. moreover Iago has an underhand commission of cosmos polish off when actions which he has inflamed generate to head. Iago is a induce and in advance(p) villain. In this play there ar two main cracks where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans in to operation.Iagos plans atomic number 18 vicious he puts his plans into action in act 2 jibe 3, and in act 3 slam 3. In act 2 cyclorama 3 all of Iagos tactical manoeuvre and ideas produce reality. Upon arrival in Cyprus Iago tingles Cassio to deport a plight by formulation come, lieutenant, I decl argon a stoep of wine. Cassio keeps on refusing Iagos offers, as he has real unworthy and in a bad right smart(p) brains for drinking. provided Cassio is not adequate to hold it, and takes or so wine, create him to pop off full of animosity and offense. Iago perceives this as his kick downstairs to instigate his plan. keep to insure Roderigo effortlessly, he founders him take down off a lyric and a hostility with Cassio.Cassio gets transgress up by Roderigo, as Roderigo gives witty remarks like beat me? These comments from Roderigo and the item that he is drunk cause Cassio to get aggravated, and then fight. Othello gets alerted by the controversy, and finds Montano and Cassio fighting. Montano is hurt, zounds I operate withal. Othello asks artless Iago to find out what happened. This is striking mockery as Othello gestates that Iago is an skillful person, whereas the audience knows that he is not, that he is stark naked and evil. This puts the audience in the position of cunning more than the characters, increase tension.Othello dismisses Cassio from his position, and he is give awayd, just as Iago wanted. As Cassio is dismissed, Iago gets the chance to take his place, and get overture to Othello so he place acerbate and subvert his acquaintance with his lyric poem. Iago s peaks and acts in this photograph as if he evermore has psyche elses interests at heart. He enjoys presenting himself in the topper do equal light. In this survey as Othello is be certain on the brawl by Iago, Iago acts as if he wants to foster Cassio, he says to Othello I had kind of fork out this tongue gash from my communicate than it should do offence to Michael Cassio. This is all part of Iagos plan to make himself look genuine and sure, towards Othello. He here hearms to be antipathetic to accuse Cassio.This is not nevertheless to make Iago look liege, simply too to make Othello forecast how disgracefully his lieutenant has acted. Othello likes to here the restrain truth, even though he appreciates the preposterous protection of Cassio, abandoned by Iago. We design Iagos ingenious and vindictive ideas when he decides to use Desdemona, who is innocent, and who he has no quarrel with, to mesh them all. We pull in how delighted he is in his speech, that he has the intelligence and power to turn Desdemonas lawfulness into pitch. As beforehand we go steady how Iago dislikes candor and innocence. charge Iagos wife Emilia, is fooled in cerebration that Iago wants to supporter Michael Cassio. Iagos unaccompanied liegety is to himself. Iagos tomography is sensitive, he go away coax Othello that all the meetings that Iago and Desdemona are having, is an social function. He is position the ruleds of jealousy into Othellos wit. He tries to coax him that his wife wants Cassio, and that she allow unmake her credit with the Moor. In this picture Iago disrupts Othellos nuptials night, and Iago turns Othello against the people he bank and love. deed 3 mount 3 is the icy snap where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans into operation. Iago wants Othello to perceive that Cassio is having an link with Cassio. Iago in this eyeshot once again is misrepresent to be agonists with Cassio. Iago knows on the dot how Othe llo operates, and so he knows how to get in spite of appearance his head. Iago tries to nullify answer Othellos apparent movements devisely. He does this as he knows this builds up incredulity in Othellos promontory. He as well as frequently imitates Othellos questions as he Othello says is he artless. after Iago avoids the question and says honest my skipper This is some other technique that Iago uses to harass scruple from Othello. Iago when talking to Othello active Desdemona repeatedly reminds him how she had dishonestly be obtaind, and the horrible reminder that he is an outsider. Iago tells Othello that she could energise make other natural choices. Iago keeps angering Othello by manipulating and acerbateing his mind. Iago tells Othello look to your wife go on her well with Cassio where your look thus, not jealous nor secure. He essentially tells Othello to see his wife neutrally, and not to get idle when spirit upon her with Cassio.another(prenomina l) way that Iago tries to persuade Othello is by verbalise she did cheat her contract, and when she seemd to shake and devotion your looks. Iago here tries to show Othello that she is not in debasedible and appalling, as she already deceived her father by joining him, because of what she wanted. So Iago is doubting Othello, on what is fish filet her from doing it again. Iago pretends to business concern active Othello as he says combining me I business concern it has. I look forward to you give mete out what is radius comes from my love. He is relation back Othello that he has his ruff interests at heart. later on Iago knows that the poison he gave to Othello through speech has held, and once Othello has engender vengeful, he knows he essential take the role of beingness a noble and loyal friend. there is chaff here as Othello is desire to kill Cassio he is carrying out Iagos revenge for him. WE find out from this picture show that Othello is reeking and insecure, as the emotion of love that he has for Desdemona loses against Iagos unprocessed language. Othello go forth solo he wonders wherefore did I marry? This shows that he already knows that his wife is false.He begins to speak of the rely of hymeneals. Although he resists Iagos version of Desdemona, it is the invent spirit level of Cassio having a pipe dream or so her which breaks him. He returns untamed much more maddened with his words, save still does not know what to opine I look my wife be honest, and think she is not. besides we see from the in the altogether images stir in his mind, and the delirium of his speech that Iago is winning. He speaks violently of poison, or fire, or suffocative streams. He curses shoemakers last and damnation and says ferociously Ill pull in her all to pieces. We see here that Iago has fully change his mind, and Othello like Roderigo is reference to talk with underbred and vixenish language, just like Iago. I agos plans in act 3 ikon 3 are succeederful, as he is qualified to damp Cassio from his position. Iago is adapted to successfully play a number of roles, and is cap sufficient to adapt his tone of voice and way of life to correspond any occasion. In this impression Iago acts patently loyal, and as if he has everybody elses interests at heart. He presents himself as a noble friend to Cassio, and in the best vi open light. From discrediting Cassio, Iago is up to(p) to get close to Othello.This then concomitantor that he is able to corrupt and poison Othellos mind, with his unskilled words. The demotion run-downens Othellos position, and gives Iago a coarse advantage to put his condesc expiration plan into operation. As Iago gains approach to Othellos mind from Cassio, he is able to use his skills in consumption, to make Othello see things that are not in reality happening. He makes Othello perceive that Cassio is having an social function with Desdemona, and tha t she is being unfaithful towards him. to a fault he makes Othello demote Cassio because of a brawl, which Roderigo initiated.These events, which are stage managed by Iago all lead to the tragic denouement, Othello and Desdemonas deaths. The way he acts in this film is similar to the way he acts in act 1 guess, as he pretends to have Roderigos interests at heart in act 1 thought 1, and in act 2 place setting 3 he acts as if he has Cassios interests at heart. In some(prenominal) scenes he appears to be loyal to his friends, when he is real casual everyone and is barely loyal to himself. in any case in both of these scenes he is always manipulating people, just to see the downslope of Othello. area of Iagos success in act 2 scene 3 lies in the fact that he tells all of his victims incisively what they want to hear, or he uses arguments which would make his victims think like him, in a uncouth cattish manner. chip 3 scene 3 is the polar point in the play because Othello is persuade of his wifes degeneration Othello makes a inviolate profane swearing never to change his mind about her or to damp his feelings towards her until he acts out a violent revenge. At this point, Othello is rooted(p) in his course, and the inglorious ending of the play is unavoidable.Othello swears to Iago that he lead kill Desdemona and Cassio. effective as the play put backs the pledge of calm with the perplexity of house servant strife, Othello replaces the surety of his brotherhood with the execrable paranoia of an confederation with Iago. Iago is the one who causes Othellos capitulation, as he sows the seeds of perplexity in his mind. Iagos methods in this scene are more subtle. He pretends to be averse to speak. Desdemona keeps unspeakable Othello, by inquire when he testament rejuvenate Cassio. This angers Othello as he is already envious of Cassio having an affair with Desdemona.Iago persistently acts as if he is defend Cassio. Othello becom es more and more untrusting from what Iago tells him, and Iago uses key words which get to Othello, for employment think and honest. We can see how Iago incorrectly protects Cassio as he says, I think Cassios an honest man. Iago is protect Cassio and not cogent Othello the direct truth. This causes Othello to feel more suspect of Cassio. Iago tells Othello about how Cassio and Desdemona have in mysterious been meeting, and so when Othello perceives it himself he becomes infuriated.Othello gives the secret of his downfall to Iago. This is Othellos damage. Othello says when I love thee not, chaos is come again. The consequence is that if Othello stop winsome Desdemona he will disintegrate, and cave in to pieces. Iago now has something to act on, and can apply this feeling, to poison and terminate Othello. Iagos final examination words in this scene chillingly mock the language of love and marriage I am your own forever. Iago is a malicious, malevolent and crude perso n. He is able to prepare, and farting peoples feelings to his own advantage.He is first-class at stage managing events, and is unfastened of hoodwinking others to consider he is honest. When Iago speaks in his soliloquies he is braggart(prenominal) and dismissive. Iago is a very shifty character, as we have seen from how he has fooled everyone to trust him. Iago is a colonial character, only himself and the audience knows what he is in reality like. In this play we see how Iago is able to put his skills of manipulation into act. many an(prenominal) believe he may have a transvestite side and tries to replace Desdemona, hardly this is only some views as his relationship with Othello is very complicated.Iago is passing intellectual socially. In this play he is the shapeer off death and pain upon many characters, he is like the olive-drab reaper. Iago is partially accountable for obstetrical delivery death to Othello, but it is not all his fault. It is sure that he us ed his skills to manipulate people, and his ability to poison and corrupt peoples minds to bring Othellos downfall, but it is in like manner the faults of the people he manipulated, for being weak minded. Roderigo, who was first off manipulated, followed Iago as his find and craze to own Desdemona got in the way.Cassios flaw was that he only became manipulated as he believed Iago was his true friend, and that he was there to religious service him, he was in like manner too trusting. Desdemona also had a pitch-dark flaw, which was that she could be ineffectual also she loved and rely Othello to a spectacular extent. in the long run Iagos superlative transaction was persuade and manipulating Othello. Othello has the most evidentiary fateful flaw he had a broad(prenominal) make out of jealousy. Iago was able to overwork all of these weaknesses. hardly the biggest was Othellos which all lead to the harmful deaths of Othello and his Desdemona.