Evaluation of Kants Moral Philosophy free essay sample

An evaluation of Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Deriving the Moral Law by Immanuel Kant. A paper which explores philosopher Immanuel Kants theory which is expressed in his book `Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Deriving the Moral Law` where he guarantees a surefire formula we should apply for every decision we make. What is absolutely right and wrong (morals) by Kants definition are exclusively an idea from pure reason and not from anything we experience in the natural world. Therefore a pure, universal moral law is indispensably necessary to allow for morality to live up to its name without any influence from our fallible empirical inclinations. His theory is examined by answering several questions pertaining to modern life. This supreme principle of morality is called the Categorical Imperative. Categorical means it is universal, and imperative means that it is absolute and must be done for its own sake. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Kants Moral Philosophy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is used by the will to determine the right action for every situation. The will is important, because the good will is the only thing without qualification that can be good. If it is the only true good thing, then it must be the basis for all good actions. Kant states that we have a duty to follow what we determine is right by reasoning. So the next piece of Kants philosophy is to explain how to go about this reasoning using the Categorical Imperative.

War and Heroism essays

War and Heroism essays On Sunday, July 8, 1741, Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan theologian and pastor at the First Church of Northampton, MA, travels to Enfield, Connecticut and preaches Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Jonathan Edwards is a American Congregational clergyman and theologian, born in East Windsor, Connecticut Colony. When Edwards was twenty-six his grandfather died and became the pastor at Northampton. He is a firm believer in Calvinism and the doctrine of predestination. One thing was for sure, churchgoers did not expect the sermon to be what it was. His strong and forceful words left the people in virtual hysteria. This revival by Jonathan Edwards included stern demands to his followers that they must repent and become reborn to escape Gods wrath. As Jonathan Edwards had finished his sermon, it was clear that it had touched many people. Several times throughout the piece he would have to stop and ask the congregation to quiet down, because there was so much weeping and hysteria occurring. It was the content of the speech, not the deliverance so much that caused the weeping and fainting of the people. His words were delivered in a calm humane manner, the content however consisted of hell and brimstone. Throughout the sermon Jonathan Edwards uses metaphors and similes to paint a vivid picture enabling the congregation to literally feel the burn in the word fire. After hearing of all these events that went on many would question, does Jonathan Edwards sincerely care about the salvation of others, or is he merely trying to scare people. After I questioned many churchgoers they all strongly believe that he does in fact sincerely preach for the salvation of others and that is why he is so dedicated and passionate about spreading the word of God. This sermon is sure to be infamous for the masterpiece that was brought at the height of the New England Revivals. ...

The Audacity of Hope, Barack Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Audacity of Hope, Barack Obama - Essay Example The dominating impression about Barack Obama is that he will bring about a change and this remains the single-most significant aspect that he is highlighting within his campaign. He has awakened a new sense of energy within the people through his invigorating and innovative ideas. Critics seem to think of him as an immature President in the future while some are supporting him for the mere reason of change that Barack Obama has clung on to for so long. The Republican candidate, John McCain has a more sedate approach towards the US Presidential Elections. John McCain is thought to be a predecessor of George W. Bush’s policies and especially the ones enacted on the War against Terror. In his book The Audacity of Hope, Barack Obama presents his personal manifesto concerning the 2008 US Presidential Elections. The subject for this book is based on his political convictions and beliefs. The book has been published within the United States of America. The Audacity of Hope has accounted for the core values that Barack Obama fervently believes in as well as discusses the manner under which he will change the lives of the Americans and the global fraternity of nations. He understands that America is the lone superpower nation of the world and hence its responsibilities are spread over a diverse field. The same have increased ever since the War on Terror has kicked off and he believes he will bring a sense of pride and recognition back to the folds of Americans, once he wins the Presidential race. The book by Barack Obama is more of a political biography than anything else and concentrates on his campaign for the better part. His policy focuses on a host of issues â€⠀œ from education to healthcare, terrorism to other pertinent topics. Thus it gives true meaning to the philosophy which Barack Obama has been campaigning for in the run up to the 2008 US Presidential Elections. Looking from a critical perspective, the book seems more

Industry Analysis of the Cosmetic Industry Essay

Industry Analysis of the Cosmetic Industry - Essay Example Charles Revson with his brother and the chemist Charles Luchman formed Revlon in the year of 1932. An "L" was added by Luchman in the Revson to name it REVLON. Quality supplies at reasonable prices soon made Revlon a world leader. Under recognized brands such as Revlon, ColorStay, New Complexion, Revlon Age Defying, Almay, Ultima II and Flex Charlie. and Skin lights, made Revlon known worldwide. Revlon sold its goods in approximately 175 countries. A wide range of skin care and sun care products; Ultima II, Vitamin C Absolutes and Eterna 27, were also offered by Revlon. Currently, the main players in the cosmetics game are; Estee Lauder, Elizabeth Arden, Mac Cosmetics, Mary Kay Cosmetics, Avon, Clinique, L'Oreal, Bobbi Brown cosmetics, Victoria Jackson cosmetics everybody's getting into the scenario with their own lines and inventions but controlled by the price factor. The cosmetic industry is vast and creates plentiful jobs because of its cosmopolitan nature. The market is a multi-billion dollar industry and united States own the largest personal product market in the world accounting for 26% of global sales. The main frame of this industry relies on production value, labor production, number of employees, personnel costs and the number of enterprises. Cosmetic science is not only about formulation of a product but also takes an account of intelligent and innovative marketing decisions and cost constraints. It is lucky for the manufacturers to hold the top manufacturers position. Revlon also ruled the industry for a long time but was not lucky enough. Reconsideration, re-evaluation and innovation is the key to success and survival in cosmetic industry. In 1930' Revlon began selling its product through drug and departmental stores. During 50s, the usage of innovative ways of advertisement to gave a boost to publicity and sales. It used television sponsorship and radio ads. The advertisement sector was always supported by Revlon and generated a lot of business. This sector is one of the biggest revenue generator in United States. Advertising campaign "The Most Unforgettable Women in the World wear Revlon" of late 1980s and 1990s became very popular. Advertising the product in an effective manner is the name of the game which Revson introduced and now the industry cannot do without it. During severe financial crises even, Cindy Crawford and Claudia Schiffer were two top models signed up by Revlon. Again in 90s, in spite of loss, the company launched an expensive marketing campaign featuring Halle Berry and Julianne Moore, to boost sales. Revlon has never compromised on advertising a product in an effective manner. Anticipation of new trends brings business to this industry and the foundation of Revlon was based on it. Revlon started with a single product, nail enamel which was never available before. In only six years of new innovations, high-quality marketing strategies, sales, packaging with an effective operating system made Revlon listed in

European Continent in the Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

European Continent in the Industrial Revolution Essay Historians are divided into various schools of thoughts on the issue of causes of imperialism. There are many opinions favouring all possible options. The biggest reason cited has been the economic dominance. The rapid industrialization of the European Continent in the Industrial Revolution created an unprecedented economic advantage between Europe the areas which later on became their colonies. This economic differential can be argued to be the lead cause of the European quest for colonization. However Industrialization related economic advantage was not the only single reason why some countries choose to become Colonial masters. This process was greatly facilitated by the highly developed bureaucratic system of administration in Europe vis-a-vis the Africa and some what Asian colonies. If economic advantage was the fuel which caused the Imperialism and Colonialism to grow, bureaucracy was its engine and the driver was the third generally cited reason i. e. racial supremacy theories of the times. Europeans believed themselves to be a superior race having a superior religion destined to rule the world forever. Probably it was the degree of all the three factors combined that decided which states pursuer the colonization aims more vigorously than other. If only one element was missing or a shade lower than its counterpart, its success ratio in colonizing maximum area was also lower. Therefore it was the combination of these three factors which decided the ratio of successful Imperialism in Europe. Reference List Empire and Imperialism-Europe retrieved from Internet on 05/09/07 from http://science.jrank.org/pages/7654/Empire-Imperialism-Europe.html

Penn State Crew :: Rowing Regattas Sports Athletics Essays

Penn State Crew Penn State Crew is a completely student run organization dedicated towards preparing its members towards rowing competitions, called regattas. Since its inception in 1994, the team has seen periods of immense growth. No longer is the day when Penn State Crew is struggling to compete for dead last. Instead, we are bringing home the hardware as evidenced by our very successful fall and winter seasons (for complete results, please visit the team's homepage.) The team just recently purchased two eight-man Vespoli shells and a new boathouse is currently in the design phase and is planned on being constructed at the team's home lake, Bald Eagle Lake, located about thirty plus minutes from the University Park campus. Penn State Crew is very fortunate because it is one of a few club sports here at Penn State that has actual, paid, highly qualified coaches who bring an immense rowing knowledge base to the team. We are looking forward to this Spring 2003 season as one filled with much pr omise, lofty expectations and phenomenal competition with some of the nation's premier rowing squads. Please follow our progress all season at the team's homepage, http://www.clubs.psu.edu/psucrew/. The Reason We Do This... A fierce shriek pierces the serene darkness of night. Snoring is still heard from the football players who live next door as a figure stirs in the lofted bed. Groggily, without glasses or contacts, a calloused hand reaches out towards the annoying sound that all non-morning people have come to hate. Suddenly complete, utter silence is restored as the alarm is shut off. A yawn and swing of the legs soon lands bare feet on the cold floor of a dorm room in Hartranft Hall at Penn State. Eyes are rubbed and open and shut five or six times rather rapidly as they try and focus on the iridescent green digits that stare back. â€Å"4:37† reads the alarm clock and radio contraption designed with an alarm loud enough to wake Satan from deep slumber in the bowels of hell. Without any warning, a whirlwind of action commences and within fifteen minutes, the rower emerges from the shadows and is on his way to another Penn State Crew practice. Craziness. Sheer craziness is how the athletes on the crew team are most commonly described by anyone at all who resides on this campus.

The Hypotheses Regarding Stonehenge Architecture Essay

Stonehenge is a set of earthworks and an ancient memorial located in Wiltshire, England. It is considered the most celebrated and visited site in the universe and is one of the enigmas in the universe which has ne'er been revealed. However, many people have created legion myths and fabrications to explicate enigmas behind it. Despite the legion myths and fabrications, there has been limited information sing Stonehenge ‘s creation/development. Most research workers and theoreticians refer to it as a rock memorial, a elephantine or ancient megalith. Archeologist Mike Parker Pearson has proposed a figure of hypothesis sing Stonehenge and its surrounding. He indicated that Stonehenge was used as a burial land from historical beginnings. In other words, Stonehenge represented a topographic point of the dead. The cremated remains found at the site acted as grounds and they indicated that entombments took topographic point at the site every bit early as 3000 BC ( Gargen 112 ) . Mike Pearson farther indicated that the arrangement of artefacts and Gravess around Stonehenge provided good grounds that the site was reserved as a sphere of the dead. New carbon 14 day of the months of human remains dug from the ancient Stonehenge in Southwest England indicate that the memorial was used as a graveyard. Initially, archaeologists had believed that Stonehenge had acted as burial evidences every bit early as 2700 and 2600 BC ( Gargen 114 ) . Peoples buried at Stonehenge were believed to hold been the elite of the environing society ; an early royal British dynasty. This hypothesis appears to be scientific due to the grounds provided by new wireless C day of the months of homo remains found in the memorial. Parker Pearson besides held the hypotheses that Stonehenge was a Centre for ascendant worship that was connected by River Avon and two other ceremonial avenues to a duplicate wooden circle near Durrington Walls. The ground as to why he held the hypotheses is due to the big colonies of houses found nearby Stonehenge. This reinforced his belief that both the colony and Stonehenge created a portion of a big ancient ceremony composite. He went in front and indicated that the two circles with lasting and impermanent constructions made a clear representation of the life and the dead spheres severally. He besides pointed out that the orientation of the rock circle pointed to sunrise and sunset on cardinal seasonal day of the months which clearly indicated it was a topographic point of ceremonial. On his hypotheses, Mike Pearson stated that Stonehenge was non a memorial in isolation ; instead it was really one of a brace connoting that it was made of both rock and lumber. The theory behind this is that Stonehenge is a type of spirit place to the ascendants. This hypothesis appears to be pseudo-scientific since there is no scientific grounds behind it.MentionGargen, Josphath. Theories behind Stonehenge. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York: New York Press, 2003.Your NameANTH 160 – Section 02SJSU – Fall 2009Teacher:Robert Simpkins11/24/092 B )Describe the basic cultural characteristics and development of the Mound edifice Cultures of Eastern North America ( and particularly separating between the Woodland and Mississippian Cultures ) , and explain why they were attributed to a ‘lost race ‘ by 19th century bookmans. It is believed that mold builders were greatly involved in edifice of Earth plants every bit good as hills. The ceremonial and burial constructions were characteristically level topped pyramids or level topped cones and at some times a assortment of other signifiers. Some hills took after unusual forms such as the study of cosmologically important animate beings and were branded effigy hills name. Monk ‘s hill is one of the best known level topped pyramidal earthen ware at Cahokia, while Serpent hill found in southern Ohio is 5 pess tall, 1330 pess long and 20 pess broad takes the form of a snake ( Ian 86 ) . The hill builders included legion different tribal groups and chiefdoms that held unto a perplexing aggregation of beliefs and sole civilizations which were united together by the shared architectural pattern of hill building. The initial mold edifice was an early marker of merely get downing political and societal complexness among the civilizations in the Eastern United States. Woodlands civilization: a prehistoric civilization of eastern North America dates back in the first century. It is used to mention to Native American societies remaining in eastern United States. Adena and Hopewell were the earliest forest groups who inhabited Mississippi river vales and Ohio between 800 BC and 800 AD. Adena and Hopewell are normally known for their monolithic entombment hills, frequently modified with finely crafted sedate points. Initially, Adena were huntsmans and gatherers while Hopewell lived in small towns. The Mississippian civilization was developed around 700 A.D. It was developed by a population of husbandmans who practiced agricultural agriculture and deep-rooted harvests such as maizes, beans and squash. They besides engaged in a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours runing. Mississippian civilization was ab initio a hill edifice Native American civilization. However, from about 800 CE to 1500 CE, it greatly flourished in what is normally known as Eastern, Midwestern and Southeastern United States ( Ian 76 ) . Mississippian civilization is considered different from the forest civilization on the footing that the Mississippian hills appear to be rectangular or square, big, level topped, mesa like platforms on which temples or houses were built. On the other manus, the forest hills are conelike, earthen constructions covering entombments in which wonderfully carved stone pipes and isinglass cutouts that are found along with skeletal remains. In add-on, burial hills were dominant during the forest period ( 100 B.C. to 400 A.D. ) , while temple hills predominated during the Mississippian period ( 1000 AD ) . Both Mississippian and forest civilizations were attributed to as a ‘lost race ‘ by the nineteenth century bookmans due to the fact that the new euro-American colonists were non willing to accept the fact that the hills had been built by the Native American Peoples. They were hence displacing and destructing most of the hills so as to plough away grounds. Consequently, the civilizations came along as a lost race in America.MentionIan, Bridgeston. The Mould Building Cultures. California: Anvil Press, 2000.Your NameANTH 160 – Section 02SJSU – Fall 2009Teacher:Robert Simpkins11/24/093B )Describe the history of Easter Island as it has been reconstructed by archeologists ; is this history a utile metaphor for the Earth? Is it similar or different from what happened in to other civilisations, and what can be learned from analyzing it? Easter Island, besides known as Rapa Nui is one of the universes celebrated but least visited archaeological sites located in the Pacific Ocean. The island is largely celebrated due to its 887 bing monumental statues( moai )which were created by Rapanui people. It is a bantam, presently treeless, hilly Island of volcanic nature ; lifting over 10,00ft from the floor of Pacific Ocean. Peterson ( 23 ) , states that Easter Island is among the youngest inhabited districts in the universe, and a larger portion of its history is that it was one of the most stray inhabited district. Easter Island was discovered three hundred old ages ago by European adventurers amidst the big infinite in South Pacific Ocean. Dutch adventurer, Jacob Roggeveen rediscovered it on Easter twenty-four hours in 1722, therefore the acquisition of its name ; Easter Island. During that clip, the Island was inhabited by a public of Polynesian beginning who had arrived from Marquesas Islands many centuries earlier. This has been proven by the Deoxyribonucleic acid extracts that were collected from the location. It is besides believed that the dwellers had come in with assorted workss, nutrients, tools and animate beings such as bananas, Sweet murphies, sugar cane, hogs, and poulets among others so as to get down a new life. Archeologists hold that there were three civilizations which lived on Easter Island around 400 AD. During this clip, the island was inhabited by people who specialized in doing little rock statues. After some clip, another civilisation broke down the statues and greatly used them to build long temple platforms known as ahus. They besides carved 600 plus tremendous rock flops taking the signifier of human existences and placed them on the ahus. It is believed that about 15 statues are still held by some ahus. Archaeological grounds indicates a fast devastation of the woods within a few centuries after the reaching of human existences. This played a major function in the decrease of woods and plantation in the island. The society played a function in the decrease of woods and plantations since they cleared land to works grasses, cut down trees to build canoes, they had besides come in with rats which devoured the seeds. By the terminal of 15th century, the full wood had disappeared, the fruits had died out and tree species were nonextant. The extinction of the animate beings in the Island was every bit thorough as that of the forest. All species of native land birds became nonextant and the shellfish were exploited. This led to the prostration of Easter Island ‘s society. The history of Easter Island is a utile metaphor of the planet Earth. The lesson obtained from Easter Island was that inequality and scarceness of important resources played a great function in happening of race murder. Consequently, a societal prostration of the society life in the island took topographic point. David ( 43 ) , states that during the seventh century, around 50 people arrived on Easter Island and increased to more than 70,000 by seventeenth century.MentionDavid, Myer. The history of Easter Island. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.Your NameANTH 160 – Section 02SJSU – Fall 2009Teacher:Robert Simpkins11/24/094 ) Stonehenge as an ancient Centre of mendingThis appears to be an interesting subject since Stonehenge is normally known as a burial site among the archaeologists. However, Tim Darvil and Geoff Wainwright have come up with the grounds that the memorial acted as a Centre of mending. Margaret ( 57 ) , states that monolithic Numberss of Britons flocked at the sight with the purpose of bring arounding their diseases and mending present hurts. Many dwellers believed that the rock found at the site had charming and mending qualities which greatly attracted legion pilgrims to the site. A adult male ‘s Remains at about five stat mis from Stonehenge were discovered by the two archaeologists. The remains collected indicated that the adult male had a knee cap infection and a terrible tooth eruption. This was hence used as strong grounds by the two archaeologists and they came up with the theory that the adult male may hold died on his manner to the mending evidences ( Stonehenge ) . In add-on, a skeleton analysis which was found three stat mis from the memorial indicated that the adult male had travelled a long distance and was enduring from a potentially deathly dental disease. It was hence concluded that he had travelled that long distance as a manner of seeking for the rocks associated with the mending power. Most archaeologists remain inexorable that the site and the environing country were majorly used as a burial land. To endorse their healing hypothesis, Darvill and Wainwright studied the bluish rocks found at the site and which were believed to hold been at that place since 2400 BC and 2200 BC. Having studied 14 samples of organic stuff such as the bone in the trench and carbonized works remains, they indicated that it was good grounds that the evidences provided first-class mending evidences to the community. The blue rock survey undermines the chief theory suggested by Mike Parker Pearson that the memorial acted chiefly as burial evidences and hereditary site where people held ceremonials and offered forfeits to the ascendants. Other important finds from the excavation have been made at the memorial. A series of little rocks broken down from the larger standing 1s were discovered and the archaeologists believed that the rocks were used as lucky appeals. This provided the grounds that the ancient people believed in the healing belongingss of the rocks. The archaeologists besides believed that the bluish rocks had legion healing belongingss since there were a figure of sacred springs in Preseli which were considered to hold wellness giving qualities. The two archaeologists besides quoted the twelfth century Monk indicating that the rocks were thought to hold medicative belongings. The grounds uncovered by their digs portrayed that people were come offing and traveling off pieces of the bluestones through the Roman epoch through the in-between ages. In relation to the finds made refering Stonehenge, it can be concluded that Stonehenge is a popular and powerful topographic point of pilgrim's journey. However, there is no support that the memorial ‘s mending power truly worked.MentionsMargaret, Katherine. The enigma behind Stonehenge. Harvard: Harvard Press, 2002.